Kompetenz-Kompetenz (English spelling) KompetenzKompetenz

Japanese: Kompetenz-Kompetenz(英語表記)KompetenzKompetenz
Kompetenz-Kompetenz (English spelling) KompetenzKompetenz

The system of competence disputes (Kompetenzkonflikt in German, conflit d'attribution in French) originally developed in France and other German-speaking countries as a system for resolving conflicts of positive or negative authority between judicial and administrative bodies, which were different systems and arose as a result of the separation of judicial and administrative bodies through the adoption of the administrative court system. As a result of the lack of a common superior body between the two bodies, various methods have been devised, such as establishing a competence court system as a special adjudication body or procedure, or giving one body the power to adjudicate competence disputes (the power to determine competence, called the competence authority Kompetenz-Kompetenz), or even granting equal competence to both bodies (for example, the body that first dealt with the matter). In Japan, the Meiji Constitution separated judicial and administrative trials (Article 61) and adopted an administrative trial system. As a result, it was planned to establish a competent court as a system for adjudicating disputes between administrative courts and ordinary or special courts (Article 20 of the Administrative Trial Law), and it was stipulated that until the establishment of the competent court, the Privy Council would make decisions on its behalf (Article 45), but this was never actually realized.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kompetenz-Kompetenz" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 権限争議(ドイツ語でKompetenzkonflikt,フランス語でconflit d’attribution)の制度は,元来,行政裁判の制度の採用により司法裁判(司法権)と行政裁判(行政権)とが分離され,その結果生じた系統の異なる司法・行政両裁判機関相互間の積極的または消極的な権限の抵触・衝突を解決するための制度として,主としてフランスおよびドイツ系諸国において発達してきた。両機関相互間の権限争議の解決方法としては,両機関には共通の上級機関が存在しないことから,特別の裁定機関・手続としての権限裁判の制度を設けたり,あるいは一方の機関に権限争議の裁定権(権限を定める権限という意味で,権限権限Kompetenz‐Kompetenzと呼ぶ)を与えたり,さらには,双方に等しく(たとえば,最初に当該事項を扱った機関に)権限権限を認めることなどが考案されてきた。 日本では,明治憲法が司法裁判と行政裁判を分離し(61条),行政裁判制度を採用していたことから,行政裁判所と通常裁判所または特別裁判所との間の権限争議を裁定するための制度として権限裁判所の設置が予定され(行政裁判法20条),かつ,その設置までの間は枢密院がそれに代わって裁定する旨規定されていた(45条)が,実際に実現されるには至らなかった。…

※「Kompetenz-Kompetenz」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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