German meteorologist. Born in Magdeburg. He initially wanted to study medicine, but later changed his career because of his love of meteorology. In 1886, he was invited to the Berlin Meteorological Observatory as the head of the meteorological department. In 1887, he invented the ventilated psychrometer, which was a device that allowed the true temperature and humidity of the air to be measured by blowing a large amount of air into the bulb of a thermometer. He was an enthusiastic observer of the upper atmosphere, and initially conducted observations in the suburbs of Berlin, but in 1905 he became the director of the observatory established in Lindenberg, where he mainly conducted observations using kites and tethered balloons. In 1902, he retried and confirmed the stratosphere discovered by the Frenchman Tesserand de Bord. In 1884, he founded the popular meteorological journal Das Wetter , and in 1904, the academic journal Beiträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäre . [Nemoto Junkichi] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの気象学者。マグデブルクに生まれる。初めは医学を志したが、気象学が好きでのちに転向し、1886年にはベルリンの気象台に招かれて気象課長になった。1887年に通風乾湿計を考案。これは温度計の球部に大量の空気を吹き付けて、空気の真の温度と湿度とが測定できるようにくふうしたものである。高層気象観測に熱心で、初めはベルリンの郊外で観測を行っていたが、1905年にリンデンベルクにできた高層気象台の台長となり、主として凧(たこ)と係留気球により観測した。1902年にはフランスのテースラン・ド・ボールが発見した成層圏を追試して確認した。1884年に通俗気象雑誌『天気』Das Wetterを、1904年に学術雑誌『自由大気の物理学誌』Beiträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäreを創刊した。 [根本順吉] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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