…In the UK, many entomologists had already noticed the problem at the end of the 19th century, but it was unclear why the number of melanistic species was increasing. After 1930, EB Ford and HB Kettlewell clarified that before industrialization, the melanistic gene existed only at a very low frequency as a mutation, but when lichen-covered tree trunks became dirty with industrialization, the melanistic species that landed on them became less likely to be preyed upon by birds, and thus became favored by natural selection, causing a rapid increase in the number of melanistic species. A well-known example is the peppered geometrie. In Manchester, melanistic species were extremely rare in 1848, but 50 years later, in 1898, they accounted for 95% of the population. … *Some of the terminology referenced in "Kettlewell, HBP" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…イギリスでは19世紀末すでに多くの昆虫学者が気づいていたが,なぜ増加するかは明らかでなかった。1930年以後になってフォードE.B.FordやケトルウェルH.B.P.Kettlewellにより,工業化以前は黒化型遺伝子は突然変異としてひじょうに低い頻度でしか存在しなかったが,工業化で地衣に覆われた樹木の幹などが汚れるとそこに止まった黒化型は鳥に捕食されにくくなり,したがって自然淘汰に有利となり急激に増加したことを明らかにした。 よく知られた例としてオオシモフリエダシャクがあり,マンチェスターでは1848年には黒化型はきわめてまれであったが50年後の98年には集団の95%を占めるに至った。… ※「Kettlewell,H.B.P.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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