Ibn Muljam (English spelling)

In December 656, he defeated the combined forces of Muhammad's widow Aisha and the powerful Quraysh tribesmen Zubayr and Talha near Basra (the Battle of the Camels), and made Kufa his capital. However, he encountered resistance from Muawiyah I, the governor of Syria, who sought to avenge the blood of Uthman, and went up the Euphrates to defeat him. In July 657, he challenged Muawiyah to a decisive battle in the wilderness of Siffin, but was unable to reach a decision. He attempted to settle the situation through mediation, but ultimately failed, and in February 661, he was assassinated by Ibn Muljam (?-661), a Khariji who had parted ways with Ali during the mediation process. The period from the murder of Uthman to the death of Ali is called the First Civil War, and it can be said that this was the period when the rule of the caliphate was called into question.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Ibn Muljam" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…すなわち，656年12月，ムハンマドの未亡人アーイシャとクライシュ族の有力者ズバイルおよびタルハとの連合軍をバスラ近郊で破り(ラクダの戦)，クーファを首都としたものの，ウスマーンの血の復讐を求めるシリア総督ムアーウィヤ1世の反抗にあい，これを討つべくユーフラテス川を上った。657年7月シッフィーンの荒野で決戦を挑んだが勝敗決せず，調停によって事態の収拾を図ったが，結局失敗し，661年2月この調停の過程でアリーと袂を分かったハワーリジュ派の一人，イブン･ムルジャムIbn Muljam(？‐661)に暗殺された。ウスマーン殺害から，アリーの死までを第1次内乱と呼び，カリフ制度による統治が問われた時期といえる。…

※「Ibn Muljam」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報