Cosmopolitanism - Cosmopolitanism

Japanese: コスモポリタニズム - こすもぽりたにずむ(英語表記)cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism - Cosmopolitanism

It is translated as cosmopolitanism, world citizenism, four seas brotherhood, universalism, and world citizenism. It is an individualistic and universalist ideology that individuals should be directly connected to the world without the mediation of communities, ethnicities, or nations. It is derived from kosmopolites, a combination of the Greek words cosmos (world) and polites (citizen). In 4th century BC Greece, during the collapse of the polis society, Diogenes of Sinope called himself a cosmopolite (one whose home is the world) and lived an independent life that ignored social customs, and it is said that this attitude flowed into the thought of Hellenistic Stoics. Elements of cosmopolitanism can be seen in medieval Christianity, which orders the secular world through a universal state under God's providence, and in Kant, who preaches a world state. It has something in common with internationalism in that it goes beyond narrow nationalism and nationalism, but it is distinguished by ignoring and not mediating nations and ethnicities.

[Tetsuro Kato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

世界主義、世界市民主義、四海同胞主義、万民主義、世界公民主義などと訳される。共同体、民族、国家などを媒介とせずに、諸個人が直接に世界と結合さるべきであるとする個人主義的にして普遍主義的な思想。ギリシア語のコスモス(世界)とポリテス(市民)を合成したコスモポリテスkosmopolitesに由来し、ポリス社会崩壊期の紀元前4世紀ギリシアで、シノペのディオゲネスが自らをコスモポリテス(世界を故国とする者)と名のり、社会的慣習を無視した自主独立の生活を送ったことから、この姿勢がヘレニズムのストア派の思想に流入していったといわれる。神の摂理による宇宙国家により世俗的世界を秩序づける中世キリスト教や、世界国家を説くカントにもコスモポリタニズムの要素がみられる。狭い国家主義やナショナリズムを超える点で国際主義(インターナショナリズム)と共通するが、国家や民族を無視し媒介しない点で区別される。

[加藤哲郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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