… However, since the spread of writing, media that reach the outside world in the form of documents have existed alongside oral culture since ancient times. For example, the Roman Acta Diurna and the Tang Dynasty Kaiyuan Zaobao of China were examples of ancient empires that, due to the need to govern vast territories, often had periodic written media primarily for administrative communication, such as the transmission of orders from the center and reports on local situations. Merchants engaged in long-distance trade also had written media (such as the Fugger Zeitungen of the 15th and 16th centuries).… *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Kaigen Zaho" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… しかし,文字の普及以降,〈文書〉の形をとって人間の外部に出るメディアも,古くから口頭文化とともに存在していた。たとえば,ローマ帝国の《アクタ・ディウルナ》,中国唐代の《開元雑報》など,古代の大帝国は,広大な版図を統治する必要から,中央からの指令の伝達,地方情勢の報告など,主として行政的コミュニケーション用の,多くは定期的な〈文書〉メディアをもっていた。また遠隔地貿易に従事する商人も同様に〈文書〉メディアをもっていた(15,16世紀の〈フッガー・ツァイトゥンゲンFugger Zeitungen〉。… ※「《開元雑報》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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