Simon, Richard

Japanese: シモン（英語表記）Simon， Richard
Simon, Richard
Born May 13, 1638 in Normandy, Jeb
Died April 11, 1712. Jeb, Normandy. French biblical scholar. He was an educated scholar of Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic, as well as Patristic studies, Eastern liturgy, Judaism, and canon law. He joined the Oratory in 1662 and became a priest in 1670. In 1678, he published his groundbreaking work Histoire critique du Vieux Testament (Histoire critique du Vieux Testament), which caused controversy. As a result, he was expelled from the Oratory in the same year and became the head priest of the priory of Bolville, where he led an strict life and continued his research energetically, despite attacks from all quarters. He rejected Spinoza's rationalistic interpretation of the Bible and the Protestant attitude of not accepting Holy Tradition, and argued for the importance of historical research that goes back to the original texts, in contrast to Catholic research that relied solely on the Vulgate. For this reason, he was attacked not only by Protestants but also by Catholics such as J. Bossuet and Paul Royal, and ten of his works were even placed on the Index of Prohibited Books, but his achievements in paving the way for modern Bible studies are great. His main works include "Histoire de l'origines et du progrés des revenues ecclésiastiques" (1684), as well as "Histoire critique des versions of the New Testament" (90) and "Histoire critique des principles of commentateurs of the New Testament" (93).

Simon
Simon, Claude

Born October 10, 1913 in Tananarive, Madagascar
[Died] July 6, 2005. Paris. French novelist. Studied at Collège Stanislas in Paris. He became one of the leading figures of the nouveau roman movement with his debut novel Le Tricheur (1945), which is compared to Albert Camus' The Stranger, as well as Le Vent (1957), L'Herbe (1958), and La Route des Flandres (1960). His works are characterized by their detailed and persistent psychological analysis that delves into the inner lives of his characters, and their depictions of a world in which the boundaries with reality are constantly blurred by memories and fantasies. His other works include Le Palace (1962), Histoire (1967), La Bataille de Pharsale (1969), Orion aveugle (1970), Triptych (1973), and Les Géorgiques (1981). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1985. He visited Japan in 1989.

Simon
Simon, Pierre-Henri

Born: January 16, 1903, Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde
[Died] September 20, 1972. Paris. French critic and novelist. He was in charge of the literary review for Le Monde. His critical works include L'Homme en procès (1946) and Histoire de la littérature française au XX e siècle (56). His novels include Les Raisins verts (50), Les Homme ne veulent pas mourin (53), and Histoire d'un bonheur (65). He was a member of the Académie Française (66).

Simon
Simon, Magus

A famous magician in the New Testament, the Book of Acts. Just before the evangelization of Samaria, he bewitched the people with magic and called himself great, but lost his influence when Philip came from Jerusalem to preach, and he himself was baptized. He tried to buy the method of baptism and the ability to communicate the Holy Spirit from John and Peter, but was refused (Acts 8:9-24). This is said to be the origin of the word simony, which means simony. He is said to have gained followers under Emperor Claudius in Rome. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries, his followers are known to have formed the heretical Simonites, which continued until the 4th century.

Simon
Simon, Stock (Stocchius)

Born 1165. Earl of Kent
Died May 16, 1265. A clergyman from Bordeaux. Born in England, he was also known as Simon Anglus. He is said to have lived as a hermit for many years, living in a hole in a tree trunk called Stock. He joined the Carmelites around 1236. He later became their superior general (1247) and adapted the Carmelite Rules, which originated in the East, to a Western style. In the same year, he received the Pope's approval, and fought against the movement to suppress the order. He developed the order by building a monastery in the university town. His feast day is May 16.

Simon
Simōn, Makkabaios

He was one of the founders of the Hasmonean (Maccabean) dynasty of Judea in the 2nd century BCE. He was the father of John Hyrcanus I and the brother of Judas Maccabaeus, who led an armed uprising against the Seleucid Empire's oppression of Judaism. After his other brother Jonathan was killed (143 BCE), he took over the cause of fighting for political independence for Judea. In 142 BCE, he drove out the Seleucid garrison and became the Jewish high priest. For the next 80 years, the Jewish state enjoyed complete independence.

Simon
Simon, Lucien

Born: July 18, 1861 in Paris
[Died] October 1945. Château-Thierry French painter. Studied at the Académie Julian. Excelled in rural landscape painting, especially Brittany landscapes. Used bright colors in the Impressionist style, but was a traditional realist painter. A regular exhibitor at the Salon, he was one of the founding members of the Salon de la Société des Beaux-Arts in 1890. He was also an accomplished portrait painter.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1638.5.13. ノルマンディー，ジェブ
[没]1712.4.11. ノルマンディー，ジェブ
フランスの聖書学者。ヘブライ語，シリア語，アラビア語をはじめ，教父学，東方典礼，ユダヤ教，教会法に通じた碩学。 1662年オラトリオ会に入り，70年司祭。 78年画期的な研究『旧約聖書批判史』 Histoire critique du Vieux Testamentを出版して物議をかもした。そのため同年オラトリオ会より追放され，ボルビルの小修道院主任司祭となって，厳格な生活をおくりつつ，各方面からの攻撃に対抗して精力的に研究を続行した。スピノザの合理主義的聖書解釈や聖伝を認めないプロテスタントの態度を否定し，ウルガタ訳聖書のみに依存したカトリックの研究に対しても原典に帰っての史的研究の重要性を主張。そのためプロテスタントはもとより，J.ボシュエやポール・ロワイヤルなどカトリック側からも攻撃され，10編の著作が禁書目録に載せられたほどであったが，近代の聖書研究の道を開いた功績は大きい。主著として"Histoire de l'origines et du progrés des revenues ecclésiastiques" (1684) のほか，"Histoire critique des versions du Nouveau Testament" (90) ，"Histoire critique des principaux commentateurs du Nouveau Testament" (93) などがある。

シモン
Simon， Claude

[生]1913.10.10. マダガスカル島タナナリブ
[没]2005.7.6. パリ
フランスの小説家。パリのコレージュ・スタニスラスに学ぶ。アルベール・カミュの『異邦人』と比較される処女作『ぺてん師』 Le Tricheur (1945) や『風』 Le Vent (1957) ，『草』L'Herbe (1958) ，『フランドルへの道』 La Route des Flandres (1960) を著してヌーボー・ロマンの旗手の一人となった。微細で執拗な心理分析を通じて人物の内部に分け入り，追憶と夢想によって絶えず現実との境界がかき乱される世界を描き出すのが特徴。ほかに『ル・パラス』 Le Palace (1962) ，『歴史』 Histoire (1967) ，『ファルサルの戦い』 La Bataille de Pharsale (1969) ，『盲目のオリオン』 Orion aveugle (1970) ，『三枚つづきの絵』 Tryptique (1973) ，『農耕詩』 Les Géorgiques (1981) など。 1985年，ノーベル文学賞受賞。 1989年来日。

シモン
Simon， Pierre-Henri

[生]1903.1.16. サンフォールシュルジロンド
[没]1972.9.20. パリ
フランスの評論家，小説家。『ル・モンド』紙の文芸時評を担当。評論に『告発された人間』L'Homme en procès (1946) ，『現代フランス文学史』 Histoire de la littérature française au XXe siècle (56) など，小説に『青い葡萄』 Les Raisins verts (50) ，『人は死を欲しない』 Les Homme ne veulent pas mourin (53) ，『ある幸福の物語』 Histoire d'un bonheur (65) などがある。アカデミー・フランセーズ会員 (66) 。

シモン
Simon， Magus

新約聖書，『使徒行伝』中の著名な魔術師。福音伝道直前のサマリアで魔術により民衆を魅惑し，みずから大いなる者と称したが，ピリポがエルサレムから来て宣教したので勢力を失い，みずからも受洗。ヨハネとペテロから授洗の仕方と聖霊伝達能力とを買収しようとしたが拒絶された (使徒行伝8・9～24) 。このことから，聖職売買を意味する simonyの起源とされる。ローマ，クラウディウス帝のもとで信奉者を得たという。2～3世紀には信奉者は異端的シモン派を形成したことが知られ，4世紀まで続いた。

シモン
Simon， Stock(Stocchius)

[生]1165. ケント伯領
[没]1265.5.16. ボルドー
聖職者。イギリス生れのため，Simon Anglusとも呼ばれる。長年隠者として木の幹 Stockの穴に住み修行したといわれる。 1236年頃カルメル会に加入。のち総会長になり (1247) ，東方に由来するカルメル会会則を西欧風に改変，同年，教皇の認可を獲得し，この修道会抑圧の動きに対抗。大学都市に修道院を建設することにより，同会を発展させた。祝日5月 16日。

シモン
Simōn， Makkabaios

前2世紀頃のユダヤのハスモン (マカベア) 朝の創始者の一人。ヨハンネス・ヒュルカノス1世の父。またセレウコス朝のユダヤ教弾圧に対して武装蜂起したユダス・マカバイオスの弟。もう一人の兄ヨナタンが殺された (前 143) のち，その志を継いでユダヤの政治的独立のために戦った。前 142年にはセレウコス朝の守備隊を追出し，ユダヤ教大祭司になった。その後 80年間，ユダヤ人の国家は完全独立を果した。

シモン
Simon， Lucien

[生]1861.7.18. パリ
[没]1945.10. シャトーティエリー
フランスの画家。アカデミー・ジュリアンに学ぶ。田園風景画にすぐれ，特にブルターニュ風景を好んで描いた。印象派風の明るい色彩を用いるが，伝統的写実主義の画家。サロンの常時出品者で，1890年のサロン・ド・ラ・ソシエテ・デ・ボザールの創立会員の一人。肖像画家としてもすぐれた。

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