Perkin reaction

Japanese: パーキン反応 - ぱーきんはんのう(英語表記)Perkin reaction
Perkin reaction

When aromatic aldehydes and fatty acid anhydrides are heated in the presence of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, cinnamic acid derivatives are obtained. The first inventor of synthetic dyes, British author W. H. Perkin, discovered in 1868 that the fragrance coumarin can be produced from salicylaldehyde and acetic anhydride (the first synthetic fragrance), and later generalized this reaction by synthesizing cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride.


Since side reactions occur with aliphatic aldehydes, the application of this reaction is limited to aromatic aldehydes. As for the fatty acid, any fatty acid other than acetic acid that has a methylene group at the α (alpha)-position is sufficient, and condensation with the aldehyde occurs at this α-position. This reaction is important in organic synthesis.

[Yasuhide Yukawa and Masaru Hirota, March 19, 2015]

[Reference item] | Cinnamic acid | Parkin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

芳香族アルデヒドと脂肪酸無水物とを、脂肪酸のナトリウム塩またはカリウム塩の存在下に加熱すると、ケイ皮酸誘導体が得られる反応である。合成染料の最初の発明者であるイギリスのW・H・パーキンは、1868年サリチルアルデヒドと無水酢酸から香料のクマリンができることを発見し(初めての合成香料)、その後ベンズアルデヒドと無水酢酸からケイ皮酸を合成して、この反応を一般化した。


 脂肪族アルデヒドでは副反応がおこるので、この反応の応用は芳香族アルデヒドに限られる。脂肪酸としては酢酸以外にα(アルファ)-位がメチレン基であればよく、アルデヒドとの縮合はこのα位置でおこる。有機合成に重要な反応である。

[湯川泰秀・廣田 穰 2015年3月19日]

[参照項目] | 桂皮酸 | パーキン

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