…When plants, which originated in the water, moved onto land about 400 million years ago, adapting to dryness was one of the most important evolutionary conditions. Plants overcame this challenge by improving water passage through vascular bundles and preventing water leakage by covering the epidermal tissue with a cuticle, while creating stomata as air holes and regulating water evaporation by opening and closing two guard cells on the edge of the stomata. In some cases, there are two to four subsidiary cells around the guard cells, and these cells are also referred to as stomata (or stomatal apparatus) in a broad sense. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "guard cell" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…水中に起源した植物が約4億年前に陸上に進出してきたとき,乾燥にどう適応するかは最も重要な進化の条件の一つであった。維管束によって水の通道をよくし,表皮組織をクチクラで包んで水が漏れるのを防ぐ一方で,通気孔としての気孔をつくり,かつ気孔の縁にある2個の孔辺細胞guard cellの開閉によって水の蒸散の調節を行うことで,植物はこの課題を克服している。孔辺細胞の周辺に2~4個の助細胞subsidiary cellのある場合もあり,これらの細胞も含めて広義の気孔(または気孔装置)ということもある。… ※「guard cell」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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