The idea that for an act to be a crime, it is not enough for it to be illegal in some sense, but that it must also be substantially illegal enough to merit the imposition of criminal punishment. It starts from the principle of restraint that punishment should be kept to a minimum because it involves serious human rights violations, and seeks to revise formal and logical interpretations to exclude acts that are not punishable by public sentiment. This theory was first coined by Miyamoto Eishu in the Taisho period. Using the example of the Ichirin Incident, Miyamoto argued that very minor illegal acts are illegal but lack the type of punishment required. Currently, there are differences of opinion on the details, but it is supported by the prevailing academic view and has had a major impact on case law and practice. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
犯罪が成立するためには行為がなんらかの意味で違法だというだけでは足りず,犯罪として刑罰を科するに値する程度の実質的違法性をも具備していなければならないとする考え方。刑罰は重大な人権侵害を伴うので,必要最小限度にすべきであるとの謙抑主義から出発し,形式的,論理的な解釈を修正して,市民感情からみて処罰するほどでないものを除外しようとする。この理論は古く大正期に宮本英脩により創唱された。宮本は一厘事件を例に,ごく軽微な反法行為は違法ではあるが可罰類型性を欠くとした。現在では細部において見解の相違はあるものの,学説上の通説によって支持され,判例および実務にも大きな影響を与えている。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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