…In the Wittig reaction, the intermediate ylide plays an important role, and in the 20th century, organic chemistry made remarkable progress in the study of intermediates and unstable molecular species, especially ylides. In 1900, Moses Gomberg (1866-1947) was the first to confirm the existence of the radical that chemists had been searching for for many years, namely triphenylmethyl. The simplest of these extremely unstable molecular species, which came to be called radicals, was observed by Friedrich Adolf Paneth (1887-1958) in 1926. … From [Base]…Typical radicals include methyl group (CH 3 ) , alkyl groups such as ethyl group (C 2 H 5 ) , aryl groups such as phenyl group (C 6 H 5 ) , hydroxyl group (OH), carbonyl group (C=O), carboxyl group (COOH), and amino group (NH 2 ). The first attempt to extract a radical in a free state was made by American M. Gomberg (1900) with the triphenylmethyl (trityl) group (C 6 H 5 ) 3 C-, but it has now been confirmed that many radicals exist in a free state and play an important role as reaction intermediates. Free radical [Manabu Senoo]. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Gomberg, M." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ウィティヒ反応では反応中間体イリドが重要な役割を果たすが,20世紀に入って有機化学はとくにイリドを含めた反応中間体ないし不安定分子種の研究に著しい進歩をみた。ゴンバーグMoses Gomberg(1866‐1947)は,1900年初めて長年化学者が追求していた〈基〉すなわちトリフェニルメチルの存在を確かめた。ラジカルと呼ばれるようになったこのきわめて不安定分子種のうちで最も簡単なメチルラジカルは,26年パネートFriedrich Adolf Paneth(1887‐1958)によって観測された。… 【基】より…代表的な基としては,メチル基-CH3,エチル基-C2H5などのアルキル基,フェニル基-C6H5などのアリール基,ヒドロキシル基(水酸基)-OH,カルボニル基-C=O,カルボキシル基=COOH,アミノ基-NH2などがある。基を単独に遊離した状態で取り出そうとする試みは,アメリカのゴンバーグM.Gomberg(1900)が初めてトリフェニルメチル(トリチル)基(C6H5)3C-で成功したが,現在では多くの基が遊離の状態でも存在することが確かめられており,反応中間体として重要な役割を演じている。遊離基【妹尾 学】。… ※「Gomberg,M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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