Ghiorso, A. (English spelling) GhiorsoA

Japanese: Ghiorso,A.(英語表記)GhiorsoA
Ghiorso, A. (English spelling) GhiorsoA

…There are 14 known isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 243 to 256, and the longest half-life of these is 254 Es (276 days). In 1952, Albert Ghiorso and Glenn Theodore Seaborg of the United States discovered 253 Es (α decay, half-life 20.47 days) from the debris of a thermonuclear explosion experiment in the Pacific Ocean (produced by multiple neutron captures of uranium and several beta decays), and confirmed that it was the 99th element. Later, in 1953, it was discovered that it could also be produced by applying a strong neutron flux to plutonium-239 ( 239 Pu) in a nuclear reactor, and it was also discovered that it could be produced by irradiating uranium-238 ( 238 U) with nitrogen-14 ( 14 N) and bombarding berkelium-249 ( 249 Bk) with helium ions. …

From [Transuranium Elements]

…Element 105 was obtained in 1967 by Khrelov et al., also of the Soviet Union, by bombarding 243 Am with 22 Ne, and was later produced in the United States by a different method, for which the name Hahnium was claimed by the United States. Element 106 was produced in 1974 by A. Ghiorso et al. at the Berkeley Laboratory in the United States, by bombarding 249 Cf with 18 O, and by Khrelov et al. at the Dubna Institute of Nuclear Research in the Soviet Union, by bombarding a silver target with 54 Cr ions. In 1976, Y. Oganesian et al. at the same institute in the Soviet Union reported the synthesis of element 107, with a mass number of 261, by bombarding bismuth with 54 Cr ions. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Ghiorso, A." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…知られている同位体は質量数243から256までの14種で,そのうち半減期の最も長いものは254Es(276日)。1952年アメリカのギオーソAlbert Ghiorso,シーボーグGlenn Theodore Seaborgらが,太平洋で行われた熱核爆発実験で得られた破片から253Es(α崩壊,半減期20.47日)を見いだし(ウランの多段階の中性子捕獲と,いくつかのβ崩壊によって生成する),99番元素であることを確かめた。その後,53年原子炉中のプルトニウム239(239Pu)に強い中性子束をあてても得られることが見いだされ,さらにウラン238(238U)に対する窒素14(14N)の照射,バークリウム249(249Bk)へのヘリウムイオンの衝撃などでもつくられることがわかった。…

【超ウラン元素】より

…105番元素は1967年同じくソ連のフレーロフらによって243Amを22Neで衝撃して得られ,その後アメリカでも別の方法でつくられ,これに対してアメリカからハーニウムHahniumという名称が主張されている。106番元素は1974年アメリカのバークリーBerkley研究所でギオーソA.Ghiorsoらが249Cfを18Oで衝撃して,またソ連のドゥブナ原子核研究所でフレーロフらが銀のターゲットを54Crのイオンで衝撃してつくっている。また76年にはソ連の同研究所のオガネシアンY.T.Oganesianらはビスマスを54Crのイオンで衝撃して質量数261の107番元素を合成したと報告している。…

※「Ghiorso,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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