...A structure that transfers vertical loads from the weight of buildings, bridges, dams, and other structures, and horizontal loads applied to structures by earthquakes and wind to the ground. It consists of a substructure that extends across the bottom of the structure (called a footing, and sometimes only this part is called the foundation), and foundation work, which is a structure installed on the ground side, such as piles. The load of the superstructure of the structure is concentrated and supported by columns and walls made of steel and concrete, and the compressive force acting on the columns at all times is about 1000 kgf per 1 cm2 of cross section for steel columns and a few tens of kgf for concrete columns. *Some of the terminology that mentions "footing" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…建築物や橋,ダムなどの構造物の自重による鉛直方向の荷重や,地震や風によって構造物に加わる水平方向の荷重を地盤に伝えるための工作物。構造物の下部に広がって設けられる下部構造体(フーチングfootingといい,この部分のみを基礎と呼ぶこともある)と,杭などのように地盤側に設けられる工作物である地業とからなる。構造物の上部構造の荷重は,鋼材やコンクリートでつくられた柱や壁に集約されて支えられており,常時,柱に働いている圧縮力は断面1cm2当り,鋼柱で1000kgf,コンクリート系の柱では数十kgfの程度である。… ※「footing」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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