Related clans - Shinpan

One of the classifications of daimyo established under the shogunate-han system. Daimyo in the Edo period were classified into three categories based on their relationship with the shogun: shinhan, fudai, and tozama. Shinhan refers to the direct lineage and branch families of the Tokugawa clan, such as the Echizen, Owari, Kii, Mito, and Hisamatsu families of Ieyasu's lineage, the Suruga (removed) and Hoshina families of Hidetada's lineage, the Kofu and Tatebayashi families of Iemitsu's lineage, the Tayasu and Hitotsubashi families of Yoshimune's lineage, and the Shimizu family of Ieshige's lineage. Of these, the three families of Owari, Kii, and Mito were called the Gosanke (three branches of the Tokugawa clan), and the three families of Tayasu, Hitotsubashi, and Shimizu were called the Gosankyo (three branches of the Tokugawa clan). The Tokugawa clan and its branches other than the Gosanke and Gosankyo were collectively called Gokamon (three branches of the Tokugawa clan). As daimyo of the Tokugawa clan, the relatives played an important role in strengthening and maintaining the power of the shogunate, and the Gosanke and Gosankyo in particular were responsible for maintaining the bloodline of the shogun family.

[Fujino Tamotsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕藩体制のもとで定められた大名類別の一つ。江戸時代の大名は、将軍との親疎関係により、親藩、譜代(ふだい)、外様(とざま)の三つに分類された。親藩は徳川氏の直系一門および分家（支藩）をさし、家康系の越前(えちぜん)家・尾張(おわり)家・紀伊(きい)家・水戸(みと)家および久松(ひさまつ)家、秀忠(ひでただ)系の駿河(するが)家（改易）・保科(ほしな)家、家光(いえみつ)系の甲府(こうふ)家・館林(たてばやし)家、吉宗(よしむね)系の田安(たやす)家・一橋(ひとつばし)家、家重(いえしげ)系の清水(しみず)家などがこれにあたる。このうち尾張・紀伊・水戸の3家を御三家(ごさんけ)とよび、田安・一橋・清水の3家を御三卿(ごさんきょう)と称した。御三家・御三卿以外の徳川一門および分家は御家門(ごかもん)と総称した。親藩は徳川氏の一門大名として、幕府権力の強化・維持に重要な役割を果たし、とくに御三家・御三卿は将軍家の血統保持の役目をもった。

［藤野　保］

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