...The scope of research has expanded from the original folk classification of natural objects such as plants and animals to include the folk classification of social and religious entities and phenomena, such as color, topography, the human body, space, time, food, celestial bodies, directions, spiritual beings, rituals, kinship names, appellations, and naming. The main logical form in folk classification is folk taxonomy, a form of semantic arrangement classified by differentiation and subsumption relationships. In this case, the subsumption relationship is, for example, that a lower category has a relationship of "a kind of ~" with a higher category, such as "red pine is a kind of pine." ... From [Cultural Anthropology]...Those who hold this position, such as W. Goodenough, believe that culture exists only in the minds of those who bear it, and therefore consider ways to extract ethnographic information without placing it in the researcher's preconceived categories. One such method is called folk taxonomy, but even so, it is difficult to imagine that it is possible to completely reconstruct the entirety of an individual's perception. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that this method has great value as an effective means of supplementing conventional methods in collecting ethnographic materials. ... *Some explanations of terms that mention "folk taxonomy" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…研究対象の範囲は,当初の動植物など自然物の民俗分類から,さらに色,地勢,人体,空間,時間,食物,天体,方位,霊的存在,儀礼,親族名称,呼称,命名など,社会的,宗教的な存在・事象の民俗分類をも含んだものに拡大されてきた。 民俗分類における論理形式として主要なものには,まず,差異化と包摂関係によって分類される意味配列の一形式としてのフォーク・タクソノミーfolk taxonomyがある。この場合の包摂関係とは,たとえば〈アカマツはマツの一種〉のように,下位範疇が上位範疇に対して〈~の一種〉という関係をもつ。… 【文化人類学】より…グッドイナフW.Goodenoughを代表とするこの立場の人々は,文化はその担い手の心の中にのみ存在すると考えるところから,民族誌的情報を研究者の先入見的カテゴリーの中に置かずに引き出す方法を考えるのである。民俗分類学folk taxonomyと呼ばれるものがその一つであるが,それにしても一個人の認識の全容を完全に復元することが可能であるとはとうてい考えられない。それにもかかわらず,この方法が,民族誌資料の収集のうえで,従来の方法を補強する有効な手段として大きな価値をもつことは否定できぬであろう。… ※「folk taxonomy」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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