fellow

...However, it was also used to refer to schools at the secondary level, such as Eton College, which corresponds to the fact that the French colleges have been a type of secondary school since the 16th century. Each college is run by a body of fellows, who are its full members, and has autonomy in terms of finances, academic research, and education, including the election of the head of the college, but the authority to award degrees lies not with the college, but with the university, which manages it overall. The traditional educational content was the seven liberal arts, especially humanities education centered on classical languages, as preparatory education for becoming a clergyman, lawyer, or doctor, but since the 19th century, natural sciences, modern foreign languages, and social sciences have gradually been added, and the status of classical education has declined.

*Some terminology explanations that mention "fellow" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ただし，かつてはイートン･カレッジEton Collegeのような中等段階の学校をさす場合もあり，これはフランスのコレージュが16世紀以来中等学校の一種であることに対応する呼名である。各カレッジはその正メンバーであるフェローfellowの団体によって運営され，カレッジの首長の選挙をはじめ，財政的にも学問研究と教育の面でも自律性をもつが，学位を授与する権限はカレッジではなく，その総合的運営をなすユニバーシティにある。伝統的教育内容は聖職者，法律家，医師になるための準備教育としての自由七科，とりわけ古典語を中心にした人文的教養であったが，19世紀以降自然科学，近代外国語，社会科学が徐々に加わり，古典的教養の地位が下がっていく。…

※「fellow」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報