...Kinji Imanishi has listed four minimum conditions for a group to be a family: that incest is avoided in the group, that it is an exogamous unit, that it is included in a higher-level local society, and that economic division of labor is established between the males and females of the group. Imanishi also noted that a single-male group of gorillas meets the first three conditions above, but does not exhibit the last economic division of labor between the males and females, and called this type of social unit a familoid to distinguish it from a family. Recent research on gorilla society has revealed that females born in one group transfer to another group, but form new groups with solitary males. Therefore, this group is an exogamous unit and can be considered to have a mechanism for avoiding incest, but it has also become clear that there is severe conflict between males that are mutually exclusive, and it is necessary to keep in mind that a gorilla's local society is a collection of groups in such antagonistic relationships. ... *Some terminology explanations that mention "familoid" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…今西錦司は,家族であることの最小限の条件として,その集団において近親婚が回避されていること,それが外婚の単位であること,それがより高次の地域社会に内包されていること,その集団の雌雄の間で経済的な分業が成立していることの4点を挙げた。また今西は,ゴリラの単雄集団は,上記のうち第3までの条件は満たすが,最後の雌雄間の経済的分業は見られないとして,このような社会単位を家族と区別して類家族familoidと呼んだ。近年のゴリラの社会についての研究では,ある集団で生まれた雌は他集団に移籍するが,単独行動をする雄と新たな集団をつくることが明らかにされ,したがってこの集団は外婚の単位であり,近親婚回避の機構は備わっているとみなしうるが,雄間には互いに相いれない厳しい対立があることが明らかになり,ゴリラの地域社会とはこのような拮抗関係にある集団の集合であるということに留意しておく必要がある。… ※「familoid」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
>>: 《Familles naturelles des plantes》 (English notation) Familles naturelles des plantes
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