Executive Office of the President

Japanese: Executive Office of the President（英語表記）ExecutiveOfficeofthePresident

...However, in the 20th century, the government's functions expanded and administrative tasks also increased. Especially during the presidency of FD Roosevelt, the government's functions expanded dramatically with the New Deal at home and World War II abroad, and strong political leadership from the president was required. For this reason, the busy and powerful president needed aides who could be called his alter ego. During the Roosevelt era, the staff was strengthened as a brain trust, but in 1939, the Executive Office of the President was established, and today, powerful agencies such as the White House Office, the Office of Management and Budget, the National Security Council, and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) report directly to the president in addition to the various ministries. In particular, the White House Office aides have a great influence on the president's policy decisions, and broad authority was concentrated in the hands of the president and his staff, which eventually led to criticism of the ``imperial presidency'' system during the Nixon era. ...

From Brain Trust

…Originally, the president was to be head of state, head of the executive branch, and commander-in-chief of the three military forces, and should be multi-talented. However, especially since the 1930s, the national functions expanded significantly both domestically and internationally, and the president became so busy that he needed many alter egos. Thus, in 1939, the Executive Office of the President was established, and the private brain trust became an official institution, with the White House staff officially placed within it. However, if the power of this staff becomes too strong, it can lead to an imperial presidency, and coordination between the staff directly under the president and the line ministries is delicate. …

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Executive Office of the President" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし，20世紀に入り，国家機能の拡大に伴い行政業務も増大し，ことにF.D.ローズベルト大統領時代に，内にニューディール，外に第2次大戦と，政府の機能は飛躍的に拡大し，大統領の強い政治指導が要請されるにいたった。ここに多忙な，強力であるべき大統領にとってその分身ともいうべき側近が必要とされ，ローズベルトの時代にはブレーン･トラストとしてスタッフが強化されたが，1939年には大統領府Executive Office of the Presidentが設置され，今日ではホワイト･ハウス事務局，管理予算局，国家安全保障会議，中央情報局(CIA)など強力な機関が各省と別に大統領に直属している。ことに，ホワイト･ハウス事務局の補佐官は，大統領の政策決定に大きな影響力をもち，大統領とこれらのスタッフに広範な権限が集中され，ついにはニクソン大統領時代の〈帝王的大統領〉制との批判をうけるまでにいたる。…

【ブレーン･トラスト】より

…元来，大統領は一身に元首，行政首長，三軍の最高司令官の職を帯び，多能多才でなければならないが，ことに1930年代から内に外に国家機能が著しく拡大し，大統領は多忙を極め，多くの分身を必要とするにいたった。かくして39年大統領府Executive Office of the Presidentが設置され，私的なブレーン･トラストは公的な制度となり，その中にホワイト･ハウス･スタッフが正式に置かれるようになった。ただ，このスタッフの権限があまりに強大化すると，帝王的大統領制の原因ともなり，大統領直属のスタッフとラインとしての行政各省との調整は微妙である。…

※「Executive Office of the President」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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