Chirico, Giorgio de

Japanese: キリコ（英語表記）Chirico， Giorgio de

Born: July 10, 1888, Boros
[Died] November 20, 1978. Italian painter born in Rome. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Athens, and later enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. Heavily influenced by Nietzsche's philosophy and the fin de siècle paintings of A. Böcklin, F. Stuck, M. Klinger, A. Kubin, and others, he became interested in the mysterious power that evokes the world of dreams and fantasy. In 1909, he returned to Italy, and painted his first shadowy landscape in "The Mystery of Autumn Evening." In 1911, he moved to Paris, where he became acquainted with Picasso, M. Jacob, and G. Apollinaire. In 1917, he and C. Carla advocated metaphysical painting. Their unique fantastical paintings had a decisive influence on later Surrealist painting. However, from around 1919, he turned to an academic style of painting, denying his own previous avant-garde style, and was shunned by the Surrealists. He designed the sets for Sabino's play The Death of Niobe (1926) and other plays, and wrote a number of novels, including the prose novel Hebdomeros (29), which depicts a dreamlike world, and the autobiographical Memorie della mia vita (45).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1888.7.10. ボロス
[没]1978.11.20. ローマ
ギリシア生れのイタリアの画家。アテネの美術学校で学び，のちミュンヘンの美術学校に入学。ニーチェの哲学や A.ベックリン，F.シュトゥック，M.クリンガー，A.クービンなどの世紀末の絵画の影響を強く受け，夢や幻想の世界を喚起する不可思議な力に関心を向ける。 1909年イタリアに戻り，『秋の夕暮の謎』で初めて影のある風景を描く。 11年パリに出てピカソ，M.ジャコブ，G.アポリネールらと知合う。 17年 C.カルラと形而上絵画を提唱。その独自の幻想的絵画はのちのシュルレアリスム絵画に決定的な影響を与えた。しかし 19年頃からアカデミックな画風に転じ，従来の自己の前衛的なスタイルを否定するようになり，シュルレアリストたちからはうとんじられた。サビニーノの劇『ニオベの死』 (1926) などの舞台装置を手がけ，また，散文体で夢想的世界を描いた小説『エブドメロス』 Hebdomeros (29) ，自叙伝風の『わが生涯の思い出』 Memorie della mia vita (45) などを著わした。

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