ensi

Japanese: ensi
ensi


[The meaning and significance of the term "trial"]
In a broad sense, a trial is a process or judgment in which a third party gives a final decision on a dispute between two parties. For a decision to be accepted as final, it must have been made by an institution or procedure that is officially recognized as having such authority in the social group in question. Parental judgments over disputes between children in the home, love evaluations in medieval European courts, and trials by young men in Japan in the past are all examples of trials in the broad sense of the word within their respective social groups.

From Sumer

Some scholars point out the existence of the Subareans, related to the Hurrians, as a third racial element in Sumerian history. During the Early Dynastic Period, the title lugal (literally "big man") for kings appeared in Period I (Ur Archaic Texts), and another title for rulers, ensi (the etymology of which is still uncertain), appeared in Period III. Social organization became more condensed, and alliances and wars between city-states became frequent. Archaeologically, the beginning of this period is confirmed by the use of plano-convex bricks, but historically Period I (c. 2800 BC - 27th century BC) was a transitional period, the era of Kish hegemony and the alliance of Sumerian cities.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ensi" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【裁判の語義と意義】
 広い意味では,二当事者間に対立のある争点について,第三者が判断を示すことによってその争点に最終的な結着を与えること,その過程またはその判断を裁判という。その判断が最終的なものとして通用するためには,当該社会集団でそのような権威を持つものとして公認された機関ないし手続によってなされたものであることが必要である。家庭における子供どうしの争いに対する親の裁きや,中世ヨーロッパの宮廷における恋愛評定も,またかつての日本の若衆組の裁判もそれぞれの社会集団における,広い意味の裁判にあたる。…

【シュメール】より

…なおシュメールの歴史における第3の人種要素として,フルリ人と関係のあるスバル人Subareansの存在を指摘する学者もいる。初期王朝期には王を指す称号ルガルlugal(字義は〈大きい人〉)がI期より(〈ウル古拙文書〉),支配者をさす別の称号としてのエンシensi(語源はなお不確定)がIII期に現れ,社会組織がいっそう凝縮的となるとともに,都市国家間の同盟と戦争が繰り返されることとなった。 考古学的にはこの時期の開始は底平上凸(プラノ・コンベックスplano‐convex)煉瓦の使用によって確証されるが,歴史的にはI期(前2800ころ?~前27世紀)は過渡期で,キシュの覇権とシュメール諸都市の都市同盟の時代であった。…

※「ensi」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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