Dvoryane

…the nobility of Russia during the Imperial period. A word derived from dvoryane (singular: dovoryanin), meaning nobility. However, unlike the former Japanese nobility, not all of them held titles, and they could be said to be closer to the samurai class of the Meiji period and later. However, they differed from the samurai in that they had substantial privileges, such as being exempt from poll tax and military service, and being granted the right to own serfs.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "dvoryane" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…帝政時代のロシアの貴族層。貴族を意味するドボリャーネdvoryane(単数形はドボリャニーン)に由来する語。ただし日本の旧華族のように，そのすべてが爵位をもつわけではなく，むしろ明治以後の士族に近いものといえるが，人頭税，兵役を免除され，農奴所有権を付与されるなど，実質的な特権をもっていた点で士族とも異なっている。…

※「dvoryane」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報