Ouki

A Chinese thinker of the Ming Dynasty. His pen names were Ruzhong and Longxi. He was from San'in, Zhejiang Province. In his 20s, he studied under Wang Yangming (Shujin). He also lectured on Yangming's behalf along with Qian Dehong (Oshan). After Yangming's death, he became a minor official, but retired after being accused of false teachings. After that, he worked to popularize Yangmingism, and even at the age of 80, he traveled around the country. His philosophy inherited Yangming's philosophy in his later years, and reached a religious state of mind where he preached the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. He adopted the theory of present-day conscience, which affirms real people as they are, and preached that if the original state of the mind is neither good nor evil, then all human actions that flow from it are neither good nor evil. In contrast to the school of Qian Dehong, which considered itself the orthodox school of Yangming, he opened the way for the left wing of Wang's school, which affirmed human desires and rejected the formalized Confucian discipline. He published the Complete Works of Master Wang Longxi (1588).

[Hiroyuki Sugiyama February 17, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)代の思想家。字(あざな)は汝中(じょちゅう)、竜渓(りゅうけい)と号す。浙江(せっこう)省山陰の人。20代で王陽明(ようめい)（守仁(しゅじん)）に師事した。銭徳洪(せんとくこう)（緒山(しょざん)）とともに陽明の代講も務めた。陽明の死後、小官につくが、偽学の謗(そし)りを受けて退く。以後、陽明学の普及に努め、80歳にしてなお各地を巡遊した。その思想は、陽明晩年の思想を継承し、儒仏道三教一致を説く宗教的境地に至る。現実の人間をありのままに肯定する現成良知論をとり、心の本来の姿が善も悪もないものであるなら、そこから発する人間の営為すべては無善無悪である、と説く。陽明学派の正統を任じる銭徳洪の学統に対して、人間の欲望の肯定と、形式化した儒教規律を否定する王学左派に道を開いた。『王竜渓先生全集』（1588）がある。

［杉山寛行　2016年2月17日］

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