1797‐1881 French industrial chemist born in Lille. To overcome the drawback of generating irritating acrolein when industrially breaking down fats and oils into fatty acids, he invented a method of treating the oil with concentrated sulfuric acid and then distilling it with water, contributing to the production of raw materials for candles (1841). He also became interested in sugar refining, and noticed that the optical rotation of the newly produced glucose gradually changed, discovering the phenomenon of mutarotation (1846). He obtained a patent for using an osmometer to obtain sucrose that is easy to crystallize (1854), and invented the dialysis method using parchment as a method for recovering secondary sugar from the liquid, i.e., molasses, obtained by separating sugar beets (1863). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1797‐1881 フランスの工業化学者。リール生れ。工業的に油脂を分解して脂肪酸にする際,刺激性のアクロレインが発生する難点を改良するために,濃硫酸で処理したうえで水とともに蒸留する方法を考案し,ろうそく原料の生産に貢献した(1841)。また精糖に興味をもち,新しく生成したブドウ糖の旋光度がしだいに変化することに気づき,変旋光現象を発見し(1846),浸透計を利用して結晶しやすいショ糖を得る特許をとり(1854),テンサイ糖を分離した液すなわち糖蜜から2番糖を回収する方法として,羊皮紙を用いる透析法を創始する(1863)などの業績を残した。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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