Dempster, AJ

Japanese: Dempster,A.J.(英語表記)DempsterAJ
Dempster, AJ


[Historical Background]
In 1898, W. Wien discovered that anode rays are deflected in a magnetic field, and this discovery can be said to have been the beginning of mass spectrometry. After that, JJ Thomson separated neon isotopes (1912), and the prototype of the modern mass analyzer was invented by Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (1886-1950) (1918) and FW Aston (1919), and this led to the discovery of isotopes of various elements and the measurement of atomic mass (1925). Until World War II, mass spectrometry was used mainly to measure atomic mass, the abundance ratio of isotopes, and the ionization potential, appearance voltage, or bond dissociation energy of atoms or molecules by electron impact. After the war, there was a dramatic advance in equipment, and quadrupole mass spectrometers with high scanning speeds using high-frequency electric fields appeared and became commercially available, and mass spectrometry became a powerful and versatile method of measuring various compounds and was widely used in a wide range of fields.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Dempster, AJ" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[歴史的背景]
 1898年,W.ウィーンは,陽極線が磁場の中で偏向されるという事実を見いだしたが,この発見が質量分析法の萌芽になったといえる。その後,J.J.トムソンによるネオンの同位元素の分離(1912)を経て,現在の原形となる質量分析器がデンプスターArthur Jeffrey Dempster(1886‐1950)(1918),F.W.アストン(1919)らによって考案され,それによる各種元素の同位体発見と,原子質量の測定(1925)等が行われた。第2次大戦までは,質量分析法はもっぱら原子質量の測定,同位体元素の存在比測定,あるいは原子または分子の電子衝撃法によるイオン化ポテンシャル,出現電圧あるいは結合解離エネルギーの測定等に用いられていたが,大戦後は,装置の飛躍的進歩と,高周波電場を利用した走査速度の速い四重極質量分析計が出現し市販されるにいたり,質量分析法は,有力で万能な種々の化合物の測定手法として広い分野で普及するようになった。…

※「Dempster,A.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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