A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution. A mixture of gases is always a solution, a liquid solution is called a liquid solution, and a solid solution is called a solid solution. Concentration is the amount that represents the composition ratio of such a solution, and there are the following types: (1) Mole fraction: A quantity that indicates the ratio of the number of moles of each substance in a mixture to the number of moles of the entire mixture. (2) Weight percent (3) Volume percent (4) Molar concentration: The amount of solute contained in 1 L of solution, expressed in moles. Often used in analytical chemistry. Symbol: M. (5) Normality: The amount of solute contained in 1 liter of solution expressed in gram equivalents. Often used in volumetric analysis. Symbol: N. (6) Molar concentration: Weight molar concentration. The number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000 g of solvent. Often used in theoretical chemistry. (7) Dilution: The volume of a solution containing 1 mol of solute expressed in liters, i.e. the reciprocal of molar concentration. (8) ppm is an abbreviation for parts per million, a unit of one millionth. It is used when extremely low concentrations are a problem, such as in pollution problems and drinking water regulations. ConcentrationPlease see the "Group Numbers" page. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
2種以上の物質の均一な混合物を溶体という。気体同士の混合物は常に溶体であり,液体の溶体を溶液,固体の溶体を固溶体という。濃度はこのような溶体の組成の割合を表わす量で,次のような種類がある。 (1) モル分率 混合している各物質のそれぞれのモル数が混合物全体のモル数に対してどれだけの割合になっているかを示す量。 (2) 重量パーセント (3) 容量パーセント (4) モル濃度 溶液1 l 中に含まれる溶質の量をモル数で表わす。分析化学で多く用いられる。記号M。 (5) 規定度 溶液1 l 中に含まれる溶質の量をグラム当量数で表わしたもの。容量分析によく用いられる。記号N。 (6) モラル濃度 重量モル濃度のこと。溶媒 1000gに溶けている溶質をモル数で表わしたもの。理論化学でよく使われる。 (7) 希釈度 1molの溶質を含む溶液の容積をリットルの値で表わしたもの。すなわちモル濃度の逆数。 (8) ppm parts per millionの略称で 100万分の1の単位を表わす。きわめて低い濃度が問題になる場合,たとえば公害問題,飲料水規制の場合などに用いられる。 濃度
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