Reduction of operation

Japanese: 操業短縮 - そうぎょうたんしゅく(英語表記)reduction of operation
Reduction of operation

When companies cut back on production activities in order to cope with difficult situations such as a recession or sluggish sales. This is called "operational cutbacks." Methods for doing so can be broadly divided into short-term and long-term cutbacks. Short-term operation cutbacks involve reducing the rate of operation (equipment utilization rate), which can be further divided into shortening equipment utilization hours, such as reducing eight-hour operations to six, and reducing the intensity of equipment utilization, such as slowing down the rotation speed of machines. Both can also be used together. The former type of reduction in hours can sometimes involve temporary furloughs or partial layoffs.

Long-term reductions in production are a way of downsizing a company by reducing the number of facilities and equipment, and usually involve laying off employees. A temporary total shutdown of operations is an intermediate measure between the short-term and long-term measures.

Shortages in production lead to idle equipment and personnel, lowering labor productivity and raising costs. This effect is more pronounced in companies with high capital equipment, such as those in the process industries. If short-time production does not improve the situation, the company will often go out of business.

The contracting of trade is not only done by individual companies, but also by inter-company agreements (cartels). This type of contracting of trade is prohibited by the Antimonopoly Act (Act No. 54 of 1947) as an act that restricts competition.

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

[References] | Furlough | Layoff | Cartel | Antitrust Law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

企業が不況や販売不振などの苦況に対処するため、生産活動を縮小すること。操短と略称する。その方法は、短期的なものと長期的なものに大別される。短期的操短は、操業度(設備稼働率)を落とす方法によるが、それにはさらに、8時間操業を6時間操業にするような設備利用時間を短縮する方法と、機械の回転速度を落とすような設備利用強度を下げる方法があり、両者の併用も可能である。前者の時間短縮は、一時帰休や部分解雇を伴うことがある。

 長期的操短は、設備そのものを減少させて企業規模を縮小する方法であり、解雇を伴うのが普通である。短期と長期の中間的措置として、一時的な全面操業休止がある。

 操短は、設備と人員の遊休部分を生じるから、労働生産性を低下させ、コスト上昇を招く。この影響は、装置産業のような資本装備の高い企業ほど顕著に現れる。操短によっても苦況が改善しなければ、廃業に至ることが多い。

 操短は、個別企業のみでなく、企業間協定(カルテル)によって行われることがある。このような共同操短は、競争を制限する行為として、独占禁止法(昭和22年法律第54号)によって禁止されている。

[森本三男]

[参照項目] | 一時帰休制 | 解雇 | カルテル | 独占禁止法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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