Jambudvipa

Japanese: 閻浮提 - えんぶだい
Jambudvipa

It is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word Jambu-dvīpa, which is also transliterated as Enbushu or Senbushu. It means the island (dvīpa) where the jambu tree, or rose-apple tree, grows in abundance, and refers to India, and by extension to the human world. According to the Sekenbon section of the Abhidharma-śāron, which systematically describes the Buddhist worldview, there are four continents in the open sea surrounding Mount Sumeru, and facing Mount Sumeru, there are the crescent-shaped Videha-dvīpa to the east, Jambudvipa to the south (which is why Jambudvipa is also called Nanshu), the full-moon shaped Goka-dvīpa to the west, and the square-shaped Kuru-dvīpa to the north. Jambudvipa has three sides each measuring 2000 yojanas (1 yojana is about 7 km) and the remaining side measuring only 3.5 yojanas, making it shaped like a car, which essentially represents the Indian subcontinent. In the center stands the Vajra Throne, where it is said that bodhisattvas practice Vajra Meditation (a firm mind that cuts off all worldly desires).

[Takahashi Tsuyoshi]

[Reference] | Mount Sumeru

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

サンスクリット語のジャンブ・ドゥビーパJambu-dvīpaに相当する俗語形からの音写語で、ほかに剡浮洲(えんぶしゅう)、贍部洲(せんぶしゅう)とも音訳される。ジャンブ樹jambuすなわちフトモモの木rose-apple treeの繁茂する島(ドゥビーパdvīpa)の意で、インドのことをいい、ひいては人間界のことをさす。仏教の世界観を組織的に叙述する『倶舎論(くしゃろん)』世間品(せけんぼん)によれば、外海中に須弥山(しゅみせん)をぐるりと囲んで四大洲があり、須弥山に向かって東には半月形の毘提訶洲(びだいかしゅう)(ビデーハ・ドゥビーパvideha-dvīpa)、南に贍部洲(それで閻浮提を単に南洲ともいう)、西に満月形の牛貨洲(ごかしゅう)(ゴーダーニーヤ・ドゥビーパgodānīya-dvīpa)、北に方座形の倶盧洲(くるしゅう)(クル・ドゥビーパkuru-dvīpa)があるといわれる。閻浮提は、3辺がおのおの2000由旬(ゆじゅん)(ヨージャナ。1ヨージャナは約7キロメートル)、残りの1辺がわずかに3.5由旬で、車のような形をしており、要するにインド亜大陸のことを示している。なおこの中央には、金剛座が屹立(きつりつ)し、そこで菩薩(ぼさつ)たちが金剛喩定(ゆじょう)(すべての煩悩(ぼんのう)を断ち切る堅固な心)を修習すると説かれている。

[高橋 壯]

[参照項目] | 須弥山

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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