An annual or biennial plant of the legume family. Native to Europe. One of the oldest crops, it is widely cultivated around the world. As a result, there are many varieties and cultivars, but those with white flowers are called white peas, and those with red or purple flowers are called red peas (P. sativum var. arvense) . There are also cultivars with shorter plant heights, but the plant usually reaches a height of about 1.5m. The leaves are pinnately compound, consisting of 2-3 pairs of ovate or elliptical leaflets, with tendrils at the ends that wrap around other plants. The axils of the leaves produce flower stalks, which usually bear two butterfly-shaped flowers at the end. The immature legumes are eaten as snow peas, and the ripe seeds are eaten as green peas, or made into bean paste to be used as an ingredient in sweets. It is well known that Gregor Johann Mendel used peas to discover the laws of heredity (→Mendel's Laws). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
マメ科の一年または二年草。ヨーロッパ原産。最も古い作物の一つで,世界各地に広く栽培されている。したがって変種や品種も多いが,花が白色のものをシロエンドウ,赤色または紫色のものをアカエンドウ P. sativum var. arvense という。草丈の低い品種もあるが,普通は高さ 1.5mぐらいに達する。葉は 2~3対の卵形または楕円形の小葉からなる羽状複葉で,先端に巻きひげがあり他物に巻きつく。葉腋から花軸を出し,その先に普通 2個ずつの蝶形花をつける。未熟の豆果をサヤエンドウとして食べたり,熟した種子をグリーンピースとして食べたり,あんにつくって菓子の原料にする。なお,エンドウを使ってグレゴール・ヨハン・メンデルが遺伝の法則(→メンデルの法則)を発見したことは,よく知られている。
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