Old Criminal Code - Kyuukeiho

Japanese: 旧刑法 - きゅうけいほう
Old Criminal Code - Kyuukeiho

The Japanese Criminal Code was issued by the Dajokan Proclamation No. 36 on July 17, 1880 (Meiji 13). It was effective for 26 years from January 1, 1882, until January 1, 1908 (Meiji 41), when the current Criminal Code came into effect. The previous New Code of Criminal Law and Revised Code of Criminal Law were based on the Chinese Ritsuryo Code and were pre-modern, so in 1873 (Meiji 6), the Meiji government invited the French legal scholar Boissonade to draft a new Criminal Code in order to modernize and westernize it. The old Criminal Code was established through the efforts of Eto Shinpei, Mitsukuri Rinsho, and others, based on the Boissonade Criminal Code Draft completed in 1877. Reflecting these developments, the French penal code, particularly the Napoleonic Penal Code of 1810, was heavily influenced by it, and in addition to stipulating the principle of legality in Article 2, it also classifies crimes into three categories: felonies, misdemeanors, and criminal misconduct, and adopts punishments (main penalties) corresponding to each of these that are almost the same as those in the current penal code (however, it shows a pre-modern character in that it retains prison sentences and exile for felonies).

[Tetsuro Nawa]

[Reference Items] | Shinpei Eto | Revised Code | Punishment | Penal Law | Criminal Penalty Statutory Principle | New Code | Boissonade | Rinsho Mitsukuri | Exile

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1880年(明治13)7月17日太政官(だじょうかん)布告第36号により発布された日本の刑法典。1882年1月1日に施行されてから、現行刑法が施行される1908年(明治41)1月1日まで、26年間効力を有した。それ以前の新律綱領や改定律例が中国の律令系に属し、前近代的なものであったため、時の明治政府は、1873年(明治6)これを近代化・西欧化すべくフランスの法学者ボアソナードを招聘(しょうへい)し、新しい刑法典の起草を命じた。1877年に完成したボアソナード刑法草案を土台として、江藤新平、箕作麟祥(みつくりりんしょう)らの努力により成立したのが旧刑法である。このような経緯を反映して、フランス刑法、とくに1810年のナポレオン刑法典の強い影響がみられ、第2条に罪刑法定主義の原則を規定するほか、犯罪を重罪・軽罪・違警罪に3分類したうえで、それぞれに対応した刑罰(主刑)として、現行刑法とほぼ同様の刑罰を採用している(ただ、重罪に対して徒刑、流刑などを残している点では前近代的な性格がみられる)。

[名和鐵郎]

[参照項目] | 江藤新平 | 改定律例 | 刑罰 | 刑法 | 罪刑法定主義 | 新律綱領 | ボアソナード | 箕作麟祥 | 流刑

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