Stringed instrument - Gengakki (English spelling)

Japanese: 弦楽器 - げんがっき(英語表記)stringed instrument
Stringed instrument - Gengakki (English spelling)
A general term for musical instruments that use strings as sound sources. Strings can be made to vibrate by plucking them with fingers or artificial nails, drawing them with a bow, striking them with a mallet, or blowing them with the wind. Generally, they are classified into four types according to their shape: zither, lute, lyre, and harp. The components of the instrument vary depending on the type, but they include a resonator body to amplify the sound of the strings, a soundboard on the side of the resonator body that faces the strings, a neck unique to the lute family, a fingerboard on the front of the neck, frets that indicate where to press the strings, pegs to adjust the tension, and a bridge that transmits the vibrations of the strings to the soundboard. Note that pianos and harpsichords, which have keyboards, are also stringed instruments in that they use strings as sound sources, so in the classification methods of E. Hornbostel and C. Sachs, they are also treated as "chordal instruments" like other stringed instruments.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
弦を発音体とする楽器の総称。弦を発音 (振動) させるには,弦を指や義爪などではじく (撥弦) ,弓で引く (擦弦) ,桴 (ばち) などでたたく (打弦) ,風で鳴らすなどの方法がある。一般的には楽器の形態によってツィター属,リュート属,リラ属,ハープ属の4種に分類される。楽器の構成部分はその種類によって異なるが,弦音を拡大するための共鳴胴,共鳴胴の弦に面する側の響板,リュート属特有の棹 (ネック) ,棹の前面部の指板と,弦を押す位置を示すフレット,張力を調整する糸巻,弦の振動を響板に伝えるブリッジなどがある。なお鍵盤を有するピアノやチェンバロも弦を発音体とする点で弦楽器と同じであることから,E.ホルンボステルや C.ザックスの分類法ではこれらも他の弦楽器と同様「弦鳴楽器」として扱っている。

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