A device that reduces the volume of an instrument (with some exceptions) or changes the tone. Also called a mute. In music scores, it is generally written in Italian as con sordino (with the mute on) or senza sordino (with the mute off). In the violin family, a comb-shaped device made of wood, metal, or ivory is placed over the bridge to soften the sound. In wind instruments, a wooden, metal, paper, or cloth device is generally inserted into the bell-shaped part of the tube. It is often used in brass instruments, and there are many types, especially in trumpets and trombones. In horns, devices are not often used, and the playing technique of inserting the right hand into the bell-shaped part is commonly used. It is rarely used in woodwind instruments. In percussion instruments, cloth is placed on the membrane of the drum or sponge is applied to the sticks to soften the sound. In pianos, the soft pedal (left pedal) is used. In recent years, mute pedals (center pedals) have been added to upright pianos for soundproofing, but are not used in normal performances. Note that the Italian word sordino and the German word Dämpfer mean both damper (silence) and mute (soft sound), but in English the two are used separately. [Akiko Kawaguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
楽器の音量を抑制したり(例外あり)、音色を変えたりする装置。ミュートともいう。楽譜上では一般にイタリア語でcon sordino(弱音器をつけて)、senza sordino(弱音器を外して)と表記される。バイオリン属では、木、金属、象牙(ぞうげ)などでつくった櫛(くし)状の器具を駒(こま)の上にかぶせて音を柔らかくする。管楽器では一般に、管の朝顔の部分に木、金属、紙、布製などの器具を差し込む。金管で多用され、とくにトランペットやトロンボーンでは種類も多い。ホルンでは、器具はあまり用いず、右手を朝顔に挿入する奏法が常用されている。木管ではまれにしか用いられない。打楽器では、太鼓の膜面に布を置いたり、桴(ばち)にスポンジをつけたりして弱音にする。ピアノでは、ソフトペダル(左ペダル)を用いる。近年、アップライト(竪(たて)型)ピアノでは防音用にミュートペダル(中央のペダル)が加えられているが、通常の演奏には用いられない。なお、イタリア語のsordinoとドイツ語のDämpferはダンパー(消音)とミュート(弱音)の両方を意味するが、英語では両者を区別して用いる。 [川口明子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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