Chine

Japanese: Chine

... The ethnic group formed in this way came to be called the Han people because, of course, a leader emerged from within the group, founded a kingdom called the Han Empire, and individuals or groups who were subjugated and subordinated under the rule of that kingdom or dynasty and recognized themselves as members of the Han Empire were called Han people. As both the people and others accepted being called the Han people, the name Han people or Han people gradually became fixed and has been passed down to the present day. So what was this type of ethnic group called before the Han Dynasty? Because they were ruled by the First Emperor of Qin, they were called Qin people, a name that is still used today as the name of China, or Chine. In this way, going back in time, the inhabitants of each of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties were called Xia people or Shang people after the name of their respective dynasties, and the Han people today refer to themselves as Xia people, a remnant of the name of the Xia dynasty, just as the first emperor of the Xia dynasty, Yu, is called Xia Hou-shi, or Queen of Xia.

From [China]

...Xuanzang, a monk at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, also wrote that his country was called "Shina" in Central Asia and India. It was also transmitted to Japan through Buddhist scriptures, and already appears in Kukai's "Shoreishu," but it gradually spread from the middle to late Edo period, as seen in Arai Hakuseki's "Seiyo Kibun," and in the Meiji period, it came to be used as a broad regional name separate from the country names of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, corresponding to the English word "China" and the French word "Chine." However, after the establishment of the Republic of China, the Japanese government used it with a particular political meaning, and its derogatory nature became stronger as it was linked to Japan's invasion of the continent, and as a result, its use came to be avoided after World War II. ...

From [Motorboat]

… A typical boat hull type is the square-bottom type (hard chine hull type). The line where the bottom of the hull intersects with the inner surface is called the chine, and a hull type with a clear chine at the front and rear is called a hard chine hull type. At high speeds, the chine effect improves water clearance at the inner surface, so that only the bottom of the hull comes into contact with the water and is more susceptible to dynamic buoyancy, resulting in better planing performance. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Chine" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　このようにして形成された民族集団が漢民族と称されるようになったのは，いうまでもなく，その集団のなかから統率者としての傑物が現れ，漢帝国なる王国を興し，その王国ないし王朝の支配下に包括され従属してみずから漢帝国の一員であることを認めた個々人または集団が，漢人と呼ばれ，漢民族と称されることを自他ともに容認したことによって漢民族とか漢人という名称として徐々に固定し，今日にまで受け継がれているものである。しからば漢代以前にこの種の民族集団は何と呼ばれていたかといえば，彼らは秦の始皇帝により統治されたため秦人と称され，それが今日のシナすなわちChina,Chineの名称として，いまなおその名がとどめられている。このように，時代をさかのぼってみれば夏･殷･周各王朝ごとに，その住民はそれぞれその王朝名で夏人または殷人などの名で呼ばれ，今日漢人たちがみずからを夏人と称するのも，夏の初代の天子禹が夏后氏すなわち夏の后（きみ）と呼ばれているように，これまた夏王朝名の名残りなのである。…

【支那】より

…唐初の玄奘も中央アジア，インドで自国が支那と呼ばれたことを伝えている。日本にも仏典を通じて伝えられ，空海の《性霊集》にすでに見えるが，新井白石の《西洋紀聞》など江戸時代中･後期ころからしだいに普及し，明治になって英語のChina，フランス語のChineなどとの対応から，清国や中華民国の国号とは別個の広義の地域名称として通行するにいたった。しかし，中華民国成立後，日本政府がことさら政治的意味をこめて使い，日本の大陸侵略と結びついて蔑称的性格が強められた結果，第2次大戦後は使用が避けられるようになった。…

【モーターボート】より

…　代表的なボートの船型として角底型(ハードチャイン船型)がある。船底と玄側の面が交わる線をチャインchineと呼び，このチャインが前後にはっきりしている船型をハードチャイン船型と呼ぶ。高速になると，このチャインの効果により玄側の水きれがよくなり，船底のみが接水し動的浮力を受けやすくなるため滑走性がよくなる。…

※「Chine」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

<<: chiné (English spelling) chine

>>: Chinchilla laniger