The Mongolian tribe of Oirats, which arose in the northwestern Mongolian plateau in the early 17th century and continued until the mid-18th century, was a tribal group and its state. In the Qing Dynasty history books, it was written as Junkar, and was also called Junbu in contrast to Huibu. It originated when Karakura, the head of the Chorros clan, a descendant of Esen Khan of the Wara (Oirats) who was active in the 15th century, unified the four Oirats groups of Chorros, Bagatuts, Huits, and Turguts and became a ruler. It is generally believed that these groups were called Dzungars because they formed the left wing (Dzungar) of the entire Oirats. The Chorros dynasty established a powerful nomadic horse-riding nation during the reign of the third king, Galdan, after the second king, Batar Hongtaiji. They oppressed Khalkha Mongolia in the east, fought against the Qing Dynasty, and made East Turkestan a vassal state, exerting their influence over the Inner Asia of the time. However, in 1755, they lost their base of Ili to an attack by the Qing Dynasty, and then, following internal conflicts, they were attacked again in 1758, and were completely destroyed. [Toru Saguchi] "Russia and the Asian Grasslands" by Toru Saguchi (1966, Yoshikawa Kobunkan) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
17世紀の初め、西北モンゴル高原で勃興(ぼっこう)し、18世紀中期まで続いたモンゴル系の民族オイラートの部族集団とその国家。清(しん)朝の史書では準噶爾と表記され、回部(かいぶ)と対比して準部(じゅんぶ)ともよばれた。15世紀に活躍した瓦剌(ワラ)(オイラート)のエセン・ハンの後裔(こうえい)で、チョロス部長のカラクラがオイラートのチョロス、バガトゥト、ホイト、トルグートの4集団を統一して君主となったのが起源である。これらの集団が全オイラートの左翼(ジューン・ガル)をなしていたから、彼らはジュンガルとよばれたというのが通説である。チョロス王家は第2代のバートル・ホンタイジを経て第3代のガルダン(噶爾丹)の時代に強力な遊牧騎馬民族国家を建てた。東方のハルハ・モンゴルを圧迫し、清朝と戦い、東トルキスタンを属領として、当時の内陸アジアに勢威を振るったが、1755年、清朝の攻撃によって本拠のイリを失い、内紛とともに58年に再攻撃を受けて、まったく滅んだ。 [佐口 透] 『佐口透著『ロシアとアジア草原』(1966・吉川弘文館)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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