Mastitis - Nyuubouen (English spelling) Mastitis

Japanese: 乳房炎 - にゅうぼうえん（英語表記）Mastitis

A general term for inflammation of the udder caused by the invasion and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria into the udder or mammary gland tissue, which occurs frequently in dairy cows. Symptoms range from mild to severe, but include swelling, pain, heat, and redness of the udder, and can lead to changes in milk quality and a decrease in milk yield. Even if no abnormal clinical symptoms are observed, the number of bacteria in the milk may increase or the pH value may be abnormal, and many cases are latent. The presence of pathogens in the udder does not necessarily cause this disease, but rather occurs when a combination of factors such as the environment, husbandry, and genetic udder shape occurs. This disease is important in dairy farming because it causes large economic losses and there is a risk that antibiotics used for treatment may be contained in the milk when it is shipped.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

細菌などの病原微生物が乳房内や乳腺組織内に侵入し，増殖することによって起る乳房の炎症の総称で，乳牛に多く発生する。症状は軽症のものから重症のものまで種々であるが，乳房の腫脹，疼痛，熱感，発赤などを伴い，乳質の変性や乳量の低下をもたらす。また臨床症状には異常はみられなくとも，乳汁中の細菌数が増加していたり，pHが異常値を示すこともあり，潜在性のものも多い。乳房内に病原体が存在しても必ずしも起るわけではなく，環境や飼養管理，遺伝的な乳房の形状などの条件がからみ合って発生する場合が多い。経済的な損失も大きく，また治療に用いられる抗生物質が乳汁中に含まれたまま出荷される危険もあって，酪農経営上重要な疾病である。

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