Wachirawut

Japanese: ワチラウット

The sixth king of the Rattanakosin dynasty (also known as the Chakri dynasty). Also known as Rama VI. Reigned 1910-1925. In 1893, he studied in the UK, where he studied at Sandhurst Military Academy and Oxford University, becoming the first king to have studied abroad. In 1902, he returned to Thailand and assisted his father, King Chulalongkorn, but was shocked by the weight of his presence when the Chinese people went on a general strike in June 1910 in protest against an increase in the poll tax. After his father's death in October 1910, he ascended to the throne, and in 1911 he established an auxiliary unit, Sua Pa (Ferocious Tigers), made up of civilians, and placed it under the direct control of the King. Dissatisfaction with the huge expenses incurred and resentment from the existing military led to an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the monarchy in 1912. Although the King continued to place importance on Sua Phra, he promoted the modernization policy that his father had started in national politics, stipulating that all citizens have surnames, establishing a new national flag, establishing national holidays, promoting sports, encouraging women to wear Western clothing, introducing compulsory education, and opening Chulalongkorn University. He also adopted the principle of territoriality, granting Thai citizenship to Chinese born in Thailand, and criticized the lifestyle of overseas Chinese in his 1914 essay, "The Jew of the East." In World War I, Thailand waited for the United States to enter the war and joined the Allied forces, sending a 1,200-man volunteer unit. After the war, Thailand became one of the victorious nations, and succeeded in revising unequal treaties with Britain, France, and other countries. In the final years of his reign, the Chao Phraya River continued to experience strange happenings, and the modernization policy caused expenditures to expand, leading to a fiscal deficit. He had a deep knowledge of literature, and translated and introduced Shakespeare's works himself, as well as writing his own works.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

タイのラタナコーシン朝（チャクリ朝とも）の第６代国王。ラーマ Rama６世ともいう。在位1910年−1925年。1893年英国に留学，サンドハースト陸軍士官学校やオックスフォード大学に学び，歴代国王中最初の留学経験者となった。1902年帰国し父王チュラロンコンを補佐したが，1910年６月，人頭税の引上げに反発した華僑のゼネストにより，その存在の重さに衝撃を受けた。1910年10月の父の死後王位につき，1911年には民間人からなる補助部隊スアパー（猛虎団）を設置，国王直轄とした。そのための莫大な出費への不満と既存の軍部の反感から，1912年には王制打倒の企てがあったが，未遂に終わった。国王は依然スアパーを重視したものの，国政においては父王の始めた近代化政策を推進，全国民が姓をもつことを定め，新国旗の制定，国の祝祭日の設置，スポーツの振興，女性の洋服着用の奨励，義務教育制の導入，チュラロンコン大学の開設などを行った。またタイ生れの中国人にタイ国籍を与える属地主義をとり，1914年の論文〈東洋のユダヤ人〉で華僑の生活態度を批判した。第１次大戦では米国の参戦を待って連合国側に参加，1200名の志願兵部隊を派遣した。戦後戦勝国の一員となったことを契機に，英仏をはじめ各国との間の不平等条約の改正に成功している。治世の末年にはチャオプラヤー川の異変が続き，近代化政策により歳出が膨張して，財政赤字に悩まされた。文学への造詣が深く，自らシェークスピア作品の翻訳・紹介をし，創作も行っている。

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