…The leaves are fern-like, bipinnate, and the pinnae show radial veins. The spores are either homospores of the same size or heterospores of different sizes, and the plant was considered to be a fern. On the other hand, a tree called Callixylon , which has a diameter of over 1m, is known from eastern New York State, and was thought to be a conifer because its wood structure resembles that of conifers. However, a fossil of Archaeopteris attached to a branch of Callixylon was discovered, and it was discovered that the two are the same plant. … From [Protogymnosperms]…also called progymnosperms. It was discovered that Archaeopteris (known only as leaves) of the Protopteridiales order, which had been considered the most primitive of ferns, and Callixylon (known only as stems) of the Pitus order, which belonged to the gymnosperms, were in fact two parts of the same plant. This plant, whose leaves were in the spore stage and whose stems were very similar to those of gymnosperms, did not yet have seeds, but is presumed to be the direct ancestor of gymnosperms. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Callixylon" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…葉はシダ状の2回羽状複葉,小羽片は放射状の脈を示し,胞子が同じ大きさの同型胞子,または胞子に大小の差のある異型胞子をもちシダ類と考えられていた。他方,カリキシロンCallixylonという直径1m以上もある樹幹がニューヨーク州東部から知られ,材構造が針葉樹に似ているので針葉樹類と思われていた。ところがアルカエオプテリスがカリキシロンの枝についた化石が発見され,両者が同一の植物であることが判明した。… 【原裸子植物】より…前裸子植物ともいう。それまで,シダ類のうちで最も原始的とされていた古生シダ目ProtopteridialesのアルカエオプテリスArchaeopteris(葉だけで知られていた)と,裸子植物のピツス目に入れられていたカリキシロンCallixylon(茎だけが知られていた)とは,実は同じ植物の二つの部分であることが明らかにされた。葉は胞子植物段階で,茎は裸子植物と酷似しているこの植物は,まだ種子をもってはいなかったが,裸子植物の直接の先祖型であると推定されている。… ※「Callixylon」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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