Edouard Herriot

French politician. He started out as a high school professor at the Ecole Normale, but joined the Radical Socialist Party during the Dreyfus Affair, and was a prominent mayor of Lyon from 1905 until his death, except during the Vichy government. In national politics, he served as a Senator from 1912 to 1919 and a member of the House of Representatives from 1919 to 1957, during which time he was Minister of Public Utilities in the Fifth Briand Cabinet from 1916 to 1917, and was also President of the Radical Socialist Party from 1919. From 1924 to 1925, he served as Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Left Coalition Cabinet, achieving great accomplishments such as the withdrawal of troops from the Ruhr and the recognition of the Soviet Union, but in domestic politics, reforms were hindered by resistance from the business world (which Helio named the "wall of money"). The second Helio cabinet in 1926 collapsed within a few days, and the third cabinet in 1932 followed a similar process to the first, winning the crown within a few months. He subsequently served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1936 to 1940 and again from 1947 to 1954. Known as a proponent of European integration, he was a cultured man of letters and politician who produced many literary works, but his political achievements did not match his renowned eloquence.

[Tetsuya Hirase]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの政治家。エコール・ノルマル出身の高等学校教授として出発したが、ドレフュス事件に際して急進社会党に入党し、1905年以後その死まで、ビシー政府時代を除いてリヨンの名物市長であった。国政においては1912～1919年上院議員、1919～1957年下院議員を務めたが、その間、1916～1917年第五次ブリアン内閣の公益事業相となり、1919年から急進社会党総裁でもあった。1924～1925年には左翼連合内閣の首相兼外相としてルール撤兵やソ連承認などの業績をあげたが、内政では財界の抵抗（エリオの命名によれば、「金銭の壁」）に改革を阻まれた。1926年の第二次エリオ内閣は数日で倒れ、1932年の第三次内閣も第一次のそれと似た経過をたどり数か月で挂冠(けいかん)した。その後1936～1940年、1947～1954年には下院議長を務めた。ヨーロッパ統合論者として知られ、文学的著作も多い教養豊かな文人政治家であったが、政治的業績はその名だたる雄弁ほどではなかった。

［平瀬徹也］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例