board of education

…The current board of education system has been significantly restructured compared to the early postwar system, and has many problems. Based on the recommendations of the First American Education Mission Report (1946), this system was modeled on the board of education system developed in the United States, and was established for the first time by the Board of Education Law (promulgated in 1948) as an important pillar of postwar Japanese education reform (though for a very short period before the war, there was the establishment of popularly elected school affairs committee members (1879) and the original idea of ​​a board of education by the Keimeikai (1920). The postwar education reform aimed to fundamentally reform the centralized and bureaucratic educational administration structure and function of the prewar period, and the three principles of reform were democratization of educational administration, decentralization, and ensuring autonomy (independence from general administration), and the board of education system was said to guarantee these. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "board of education" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　現行の教育委員会制度は戦後初期のものと比べ大きく改編されており，問題点も少なくない。この制度は第1次アメリカ教育使節団報告書(1946)の勧告にもとづき，アメリカで発達した教育委員会board of educationの制度を範としつつ，戦後日本の教育改革の重要な柱として，教育委員会法(1948公布)によって初めて設置されたものである(戦前，ごく短期間だが民選制の学務委員の設置(1879)や啓明会による独自の教育委員会構想(1920)はあった)。戦後の教育改革においては，戦前の中央集権的，官僚的な教育行政の機構と機能の根本的な改革がめざされ，改革の〈三原則〉として教育行政の民主化，地方分権化，自主性の確保(一般行政からの独立)が掲げられ，教育委員会制度はこれらを保障するものといわれた。…

※「board of education」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報