...Among them, Magadha annexed neighboring countries to become the most powerful state, and the ancient unified state of the Maurya Empire completed its national system. During this development, the vast Indian subcontinent, stretching from the Himalayas to the ocean, was perceived as one world, and the ideal was for it to be ruled by a single king (Cakravartin, the Chakravartin-king). However, although powerful kingdoms such as the Gupta Empire were seen after the Maurya Empire, no Hindu state that unified and controlled both northern and southern India emerged, and the situation became one of division and division among various dynasties, with each dynasty closely connected to the society and culture of its own region. From 【The Chakravartin King】...When this king appears in the world, a heavenly wheel appears, and under its guidance, the king is said to subjugate the whole world without the use of force, hence the name. A translation of the Sanskrit Cakravartin or Cakravartirāja. In Buddhist scriptures, this king is said to possess seven treasures, including the wheel, the white elephant, and the blue horse, and to have the same 32 physical characteristics as the Buddha, and is given a position that can be likened to the Buddha, the emperor of the world of truth, as the lord of the secular world. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Cakravartin" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その中でマガダ国は近隣諸国を併合して最も有力な国家となり,その国家体制を完成させたのがマウリヤ朝の古代統一国家である。この発展過程で,ヒマラヤから大洋に至る広大なインド亜大陸はひとつの世界として意識され,ひとりの国王(チャクラバルティンCakravartin,転輪聖王(てんりんじようおう))が支配するのが理想とされた。だがマウリヤ帝国以後,グプタ帝国などの強大な王国が見られたが,南北インドを統一支配するヒンドゥー国家は出現せず,諸王朝の分立割拠が一般的状況となり,各王朝はそれぞれ地方の社会と文化と密着したものとなった。… 【転輪聖王】より…この王が世に現れるときには天の車輪が出現し,王はその先導のもとに武力を用いずに全世界を平定するとされるところから,この名がある。サンスクリットのチャクラバルティンCakravartinまたはチャクラバルティラージャCakravartirājaの訳。仏典では,この王は輪宝,白象(びやくぞう)宝,紺馬(こんめ)宝などの七宝を有し,また仏と同じ〈三十二相〉(32の身体的特徴)を備えているとされ,世俗世界の主として,真理界の帝王たる仏にもたとえられる地位を与えられている。… ※「Cakravartin」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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