Emile

Japanese: エミール（英語表記）Emile

This masterpiece by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, started around 1758 and completed in 1760, is counted among the classics of modern education. Upon publication at the end of May 1762, he was pursued by the church and the government, which led to his wandering life in his later years. The story unfolds how a fictional student named Emile is raised, aiming for the ideal of a natural man who is not distorted by civilized society. In contrast to the tradition since Descartes, which viewed childhood as a fundamental misfortune for rational humans due to the immaturity of reason and dependency on the senses, Rousseau's educational philosophy of recognizing the goodness of nature in children and protecting and nurturing it from the negative influence of civilized society was revolutionary, and Rousseau was even called the discoverer of children. In addition, Rousseau placed particular importance on physical education and education of the passions as a concrete educational method. His ideal of holistic education, which followed the footsteps of Montaigne and Locke, also had a great influence on Kant. Emile is not simply a treatise on education; it is a work that represents the pinnacle of Rousseau's philosophy, incorporating his religious, social, and moral views in the background.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1758年頃着手され 60年に完成したジャン＝ジャック・ルソーの代表作で，近代教育学の古典の一つに数えられている。 62年5月末の出版と同時に教会と政府の追及を受け，晩年の放浪生活の機縁となった。文明社会によってゆがめられない自然人の理想を目指して，エミールという架空の生徒がどのように育てられていくかを物語風に展開した。子供の時期を，理性の未熟さと感覚依存のゆえに，理性を本性とする人間にとって根源的不幸とみたデカルト以来の伝統に対し，子供に自然の善性を認め，それを文明社会の悪影響から守り育てようとする教育理念は，画期的なものであり，ルソーは子供の発見者とまでいわれた。またルソーは具体的教育法として，特に体育と情念教育を重視した。モンテーニュ，ロックの流れをくむ彼の全人格的教育の理想は，カントにも大きな影響を与えた。『エミール』は単なる教育論ではなく，背景にあるルソーの宗教観，社会観，道徳観を含んだ，彼の哲学の頂点をなす著作である。

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