Beadle, GW (English spelling) BeadleGW

Japanese: Beadle,G.W.(英語表記)BeadleGW
Beadle, GW (English spelling) BeadleGW

…However, as early as 1908, AEGarrod suggested that congenital metabolic defects in humans were caused by enzyme deficiencies. In the 1930s, attempts were made under the name of physiological genetics to clarify the effects of large changes in environmental factors such as temperature and diet on traits and to get closer to the mechanism of trait expression by genes, but a full elucidation of this problem had to wait until the research on Neurospora crassa by GWBeadle and ELTatum (1941) and others. Beadle and his colleagues isolated many mutants with defects in the synthesis pathways of specific vitamins and amino acids, and determined the location of the blocks in the synthesis pathways for each of them. …

From [Genes]

...In books and papers older than this period, the terms "genetic unit," "genetic factor," "factor," "gen," and "gene" are used, but the word "gene" is nowhere to be found.
[One gene, one enzyme theory]
In the 1940s, GW Beadle and EL Tatum (1941) studied the inheritance of auxotrophy in Neurospora crassa and discovered that each step in the biosynthetic pathway of a substance in the body is controlled by a specific gene. Biochemical research had already revealed that each step in the biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by an enzyme, so Beadle synthesized these findings to establish the one-gene-one-enzyme theory.

From [Genetic Information]

...It has long been recognized that the chromosome structure seen during cell division reflects an orderly arrangement of genetic information. The relationship between genetic information and hereditary traits became more concrete when GW Beadle and others conducted biochemical genetic research using Neurospora crassa, which led to the concept that "one gene produces one enzyme." Meanwhile, a series of experiments conducted in the mid-20th century confirmed that DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the substance that actually stores genetic information.

From [Nutrition Requirements]

…It is well known that in microorganisms, even within the same species, auxotrophs, which are auxotrophic mutants that lack the ability to synthesize certain substances, occur. In 1941, GW Beadle and EL Tatum used such mutants of Neurospora crassa to conduct genetic research on the enzymes that control biochemical reactions within cells, leading to the proposal of the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis. [Tsukuda Hiroko]. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Beadle, GW" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…とはいえ,すでに1908年にガロッドA.E.Garrodはヒトの先天的代謝欠陥が酵素の欠如に起因することを示唆していた。30年代に入り,生理遺伝学の名のもとに温度・食餌など環境要因の大きな変化がどのような効果を形質に与えるかを明らかにし,遺伝子の形質発現の機構に迫ろうとする試みがなされたが,この問題の本格的な解明はビードルG.W.BeadleとテータムE.L.Tatum(1941)らによるアカパンカビの研究をまたねばならなかった。ビードルらは特定のビタミンやアミノ酸の合成経路に欠陥をもつ多くの突然変異体を分離し,それぞれについて合成経路のブロックの位置を決定した。…

【遺伝子】より

…この時期より古い著書・論文では〈遺伝単位〉〈遺伝因子〉〈因子〉〈ゲン〉〈ジーン〉が用いられており,〈遺伝子〉は見あたらない。
[一遺伝子一酵素説]
 1940年代に入り,ビードルG.W.BeadleとテータムE.L.Tatum(1941)らはアカパンカビの栄養要求性の遺伝を研究し,生体内における物質の生合成経路の各段階がそれぞれ固有の遺伝子に支配されていることを知った。すでに,生化学的研究により生合成経路の個々の過程が酵素に触媒されていることがわかっていたので,ビードルはこれらの知見を総合して一遺伝子一酵素説を立てた。…

【遺伝情報】より

…細胞分裂のときに見られる染色体構造が遺伝情報の整然とした配列を反映していることは古くから認められていた。遺伝情報と遺伝的形質との間の関係は,ビードルG.W.Beadleらのアカパンカビを用いた遺伝生化学的研究により,〈一つの遺伝子は一つの酵素を作る〉という概念が誕生したことで,さらに具体的に理解できるようになった。一方,遺伝情報を実際に蓄えている物質については,20世紀中ごろにおこなわれた一連の実験により,DNA(デオキシリボ核酸)がその本体であることが確定した。…

【栄養要求】より

…微生物などでは,同じ種においても特定の物質を合成する能力を欠いた栄養要求性突然変異体auxotrophが生じることがよく知られている。1941年にビードルG.W.BeadleとテータムE.L.Tatumはアカパンカビのこのような突然変異体を用いて,細胞内の生化学的反応をつかさどる酵素群の遺伝学的研究を行い,一遺伝子一酵素仮説を提唱するに至った。【佃 弘子】。…

※「Beadle,G.W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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