This law states that 1/2 kT ( k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature) of thermal energy is distributed to one degree of freedom of motion. It is sometimes simply called the equipartition law. In an ideal gas of monoatomic molecules, the molecules move in the three directions of x , y , and z , so there are three degrees of freedom of motion. Therefore, one molecule has 3/2 kT of thermal energy. This result can be derived from the standpoint of kinetic theory of gases. When molecules undergo lattice vibration in a solid, additional potential energy is added, and to this, as with kinetic energy, 3/2 kT of thermal energy is distributed. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
一つの運動の自由度に対して1/2kT(kはボルツマン定数,Tは絶対温度)の熱エネルギーが分配されるという法則。単に等分配則ということもある。単原子分子の理想気体では,分子がx,y,zの3方向に運動するので運動の自由度は3となる。したがって,1個の分子は3/2kTだけの熱エネルギーをもつ。この結果は気体分子運動論の立場から導くことができる。固体中で分子が格子振動するときには,さらに位置エネルギーが加わるが,これに対しても,運動エネルギーと同様,3/2kTの熱エネルギーが分配される。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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