This law states that 1/2 kT ( k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature) of thermal energy is distributed to one degree of freedom of motion. It is sometimes simply called the equipartition law. In an ideal gas of monoatomic molecules, the molecules move in the three directions of x , y , and z , so there are three degrees of freedom of motion. Therefore, one molecule has 3/2 kT of thermal energy. This result can be derived from the standpoint of kinetic theory of gases. When molecules undergo lattice vibration in a solid, additional potential energy is added, and to this, as with kinetic energy, 3/2 kT of thermal energy is distributed. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
一つの運動の自由度に対して1/2kT(kはボルツマン定数,Tは絶対温度)の熱エネルギーが分配されるという法則。単に等分配則ということもある。単原子分子の理想気体では,分子がx,y,zの3方向に運動するので運動の自由度は3となる。したがって,1個の分子は3/2kTだけの熱エネルギーをもつ。この結果は気体分子運動論の立場から導くことができる。固体中で分子が格子振動するときには,さらに位置エネルギーが加わるが,これに対しても,運動エネルギーと同様,3/2kTの熱エネルギーが分配される。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
A law discovered by E.H. Weber regarding the discr...
Born: circa 1898. British Central Africa Protector...
…In 1909, he organized the Greater Japan Labor As...
…For over 30 years, he was a professor of politic...
…Clay layers, silt layers, and dense sedimentary ...
Definition and Concept: Cirrhosis is the final sta...
A Florentine politician, political thinker, and h...
This refers to a state in which milk secretion is ...
A city in central Yamanashi Prefecture. It was inc...
It is also read as "Shiaku." A group of ...
A general term for fish with a reddish body color...
…In addition, he was invited by Alexander Korda t...
Year of death: January 29, 8th year of Kyoho (Marc...
…It is off the main railway and motorway routes, ...
...A genus of ornamental fern in the Caprifoliace...