A law discovered by E.H. Weber regarding the discrimination of sensory stimuli. Because sensations are subjective, their intensity E can only be measured relatively. Let a sensory stimulus of a certain intensity be I , and only when it is strengthened or weakened by ΔI can the difference in the intensity of the stimulus be discerned. This ΔI is called the discrimination threshold. When ΔI is calculated for various I , ΔI / I is constant over a fairly wide range of I. In other words, ΔI / I = kΔE = constant. This is called Weber's law. In this case, ΔI is called the absolute discrimination threshold, while ΔI / I is called the relative discrimination threshold or Weber ratio. This law holds true for many types of sensations with stimuli of moderate intensity; for example, the Weber ratio for sound intensity is 1/11, and for pressure sensation it is 1/7. (→ Threshold, Fechner's law) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
E.H.ウェーバーによって見出された,感覚刺激の識別に関する法則。感覚は主観的なものであるから,その強さ E は相対的にしか測定できない。ある強さの感覚刺激を I とし,ΔI だけ強めるか弱めるかして変化させたとき,初めてその刺激の強度の相違が識別できたとする。この ΔI を弁別閾値という。種々の I について ΔI を求めてみると,ΔI/I はかなり広範囲の I で一定である。すなわち ΔI/I=kΔE=一定 。これをウェーバーの法則という。この場合 ΔI を絶対弁別閾値というのに対して,ΔI/I を相対弁別閾値ないしウェーバー比という。この法則は,多くの種類の感覚で中等度の強さの刺激に対して成立し,ウェーバー比はたとえば,音の強さについては 11分の1,圧覚では7分の1になる。 (→閾 , フェヒナーの法則 )
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