Barber-surgeon (English spelling)

Japanese: barber-surgeon（英語表記）barbersurgeon

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[Origin of Surgery]
There is a theory that the ancestors of surgeons were barbers. Indeed, there is a profession called a barber surgeon. In addition to using scissors and razors to trim hair and beards, barber surgeons also performed bloodletting and treated external wounds and ulcers.

From the Doctor

...For the educated physicians who had graduated from universities despised surgery, which was considered to be a purely manual art at the time, and the pharmaceutical and dispensing work that also involved selling medicines, and limited themselves to the practice of medicine, examining patients and writing prescriptions. In response to this situation, guilds of craftsmen specializing in surgery were established in each city, but usually barbers also worked as barber-surgeons. In some cases, as in Paris, a professional group of specialist surgeons was formed above the guild of barber-surgeons.

From the Barber Shop

...monks were required by church rules to visit a barber regularly to have their head shaved and to have their bloodletting done. Thus, by the end of the Middle Ages, the profession of barber-surgeon had become important. They primarily performed bloodletting, tooth extraction, and laxative treatments, and formed guilds.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "barber surgeon" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

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［外科の起源］
　外科医の先祖は理髪師だという説がある。確かに床屋外科医(バーバー･サージョンbarber surgeon)と称する職業はある。はさみやかみそりをもって，髪やひげの手入れをするほか，瀉血をおこなったり，体表の外傷，潰瘍の治療をおこなうことを業とした。…

【医者】より

…というのも大学を出た教養ある医者physicianは，当時はもっぱら手の技とみなされた外科医術と薬の販売にもかかわった製薬･調剤の仕事とを蔑視して，これらには手を染めず，自分の仕事を，病人を診察して処方箋を書く内科医業に限定したからである。それゆえ，この事情に応じて各都市には，外科医術を専門とする職人のギルドが生まれたが，通常は理髪師が，理髪外科医(バーバー･サージャンbarber‐surgeon)としてそれを兼業した。もっともパリにおけるように，理髪外科医のギルドの上に専門外科医のプロフェッション集団が形成される場合もあった。…