Yue-zhou-yao (English name)

Japanese: 越州窯 - えっしゅうよう（英語表記）Yue-zhou-yao

The oldest porcelain kilns in the Orient, developed mainly in Zhejiang Province, China, and the celadon produced there. They are called Yue porcelain. This region was named Yue Country in ancient times, hence the name. They originated at the end of the Han dynasty, and since 1930, kiln sites from the Han and Six Dynasties periods have been discovered in the Hangzhou area, including Deqing kiln, Jiuyan kiln, and Nantai kiln in Fujian. Among the kilns from the Tang dynasty are Yuyao Shanglinhu kiln and Fuyang kiln, and there was the Yuezhou Secret Color Kiln (→ Secret Color) that flourished under the patronage of the Wu Yue King Qian during the late Tang and Five Dynasties periods, as well as the Yu Wangmiao kiln. Many of the Yuezhou kilns from the Han and Six Dynasties periods are similar in style and glaze, and the vessel shapes imitate Han bronze vessels and other vessels, covered with transparent celadon glaze, and are called "ancient Yue porcelain (ancient Yuezhou kilns)." During the Tang dynasty, they were characterized by plump, rounded vessel shapes and were technically refined, becoming even more famous as can be seen in the praise of Tang dynasty poetry and prose. In addition, Lu Yu, in his "Cha Jing," lists the celadon of Etsu Province as the best tea bowl. In particular, the name "Hishoku" has spread as far as Japan and the Middle East, and future items such as the medicine jar handed down from Horyuji Temple and the fuku (ceramic ware) unearthed at the site of Myoji Temple in Fukuoka Prefecture are known. In the Song Dynasty, elaborate styles and intricate designs appeared, but they declined due to the rise of northern kilns.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，浙江省を中心に発達した東洋最古の磁窯，およびそこで産した青磁。越磁と呼ばれる。この地方は古く越国と称したのでこの名がある。起源は漢代末で，1930年以来，杭州一帯で徳清窯，九厳窯，福建の南台窯など漢，六朝時代の窯址が発見された。唐代の窯には余姚上林湖窯，富陽窯が知られ，唐末，五代に呉越王銭氏の庇護のもとに盛行した越州秘色窯 (→秘色 ) が存在し，また禹王廟窯などがあった。漢，六朝時代の越州窯は作風，釉調など類似するものが多く，器形も漢銅器などを模倣し，透明な青磁釉をかけたもので「古越磁 (古越州窯) 」と呼ばれる。唐代にはふっくらと丸みを帯びた器形を特色として技術上も洗練され，唐代の詩文に賛辞がみられるように一層著名となった。また，陸羽は『茶経』において茶碗で最上のものに越州窯の青磁をあげている。ことに「秘色」の名は遠く日本，中近東にも伝えられ，法隆寺伝来の薬壺，福岡県立明寺址出土のふくなどの将来品も知られている。宋代には精巧な作風と繊細な文様を施したものが出現したが，北方諸窯の隆盛に押されて衰退した。

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