Agribusiness - agribusiness (English spelling)

Japanese: アグリビジネス - あぐりびじねす(英語表記)agribusiness
Agribusiness - agribusiness (English spelling)

Agribusiness is used as a general concept covering agriculture and related companies and industries. In the narrow sense, agriculture is understood as farming and livestock raising, which are based on land use and involve the raising of animals and plants, but agribusiness can be seen as a general concept that includes, with agriculture at its core, the sector that supplies production materials such as seeds, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, feed, pesticides, and fuel, the food industry sector that processes agricultural products, the distribution sector that handles transportation, storage, trading, wholesale, and retail, as well as the food service sector such as restaurants, and the financial sector.

This concept was proposed in 1957 by John H. Davis and Ray A. Goldberg of Harvard University in the United States, and has since spread worldwide.

As the economy and society develops, the social division of labor is also progressing in various ways in the fields of agriculture and food, with a variety of actors (players) active, from farmers to large corporations. The scope of their activities is also expanding from a national scale to an international one. By using the concept of agribusiness, it is possible to clarify the interconnections and dependencies between farmers and each company, and to grasp the comprehensive industrial system related to agriculture and food as a whole. Furthermore, it is possible to clarify the position of the industry within the entire socio-economy. In particular, it makes it possible to carry out quantitative analysis such as input-output analysis.

The background to the invention of this concept is that the social division of labor in the fields of agriculture and related industries has become extremely advanced in both depth and breadth.

In Japan, the government and various other institutions are using this concept to carry out economic calculations.According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries' "Economic Calculations of Agriculture and Food Related Industries," in fiscal 1997, agriculture and food related industries accounted for approximately 56 trillion yen of the total domestic product of 505 trillion yen.The breakdown of this is as follows: agriculture, forestry and fisheries 7.5 trillion yen, related manufacturing 14.0 trillion yen, related distribution 20.5 trillion yen, restaurants 11.9 trillion yen, and related investment 1.9 trillion yen.

[Usui Susumu]

"Japanese Agribusiness" by Yoshiyuki Onodera (1982, Agriculture and Forestry Statistics Association)""Agricultural Trade and Agribusiness" by the Japanese Agricultural Market Association (1996, Tsukuba Shobo)""Food and Agriculture Strategy under the WTO System" by Naraomi Imamura et al. (1997, Rural Culture Association)"Agribusiness Theory" by Isshin Nakano (1998, Yuhikaku)"John H. Davis & Ray A. Goldberg A Concept of Agribusiness (1957, Harvard Univ., Boston, USA)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アグリビジネスとは、農業とその関連企業、産業を総括した概念として用いられる。狭い意味での農業は、土地利用を基本とした動・植物を育てる農耕や畜産のこととして理解されるが、アグリビジネスは、農業を中核として、種子、肥料、農業機械、飼料、農薬、燃料などの生産資材を供給する部門、あるいは農産物を加工する食品工業部門、運送、貯蔵、貿易、卸売り、小売りなどを行う流通部門、さらには飲食店などの外食サービス部門、金融部門などを包括、総称した概念としてとらえられる。

 この概念は、1957年にアメリカのハーバード大学のデービスJohn H. DavisとゴールドバーグRay A. Goldbergが提起したものであるが、その後、世界的に広まった。

 経済社会の発展に伴って、農業や食料の分野でもさまざまに社会的分業が進展しており、農民から巨大企業に至るまでさまざまな主体(担い手)が活動している。また、それらの活動範囲も国民的な範囲から国際的な広がりをみせている。アグリビジネスの概念を用いることによって農民やそれぞれの企業の相互連関、依存関係を明らかにし、また農業、食料にかかわる包括的な産業のシステムを総体として把握することができる。さらには、社会経済全体のなかでの位置づけを明らかにすることができる。とくに、産業連関分析などの計量的な分析が可能となる。

 この概念が考案された背景には、農業とその関連産業のかかわる分野の社会的な分業が深さにおいても広さにおいても極度に進展したという事情がある。

 わが国においても政府をはじめとして、さまざまな機関でこの概念を使った経済計算が行われている。ちなみに、農林水産省『農業・食料関連産業の経済計算』によれば、1997年度においては、全産業の国内総生産505兆円のなかで農業・食料関連産業は約56兆円を占める。その内訳は農林漁業7.5兆円、関連製造業14.0兆円、関連流通業20.5兆円、飲食店11.9兆円、関連投資1.9兆円となっている。

[臼井 晋]

『小野寺義幸著『日本のアグリビジネス』(1982・農林統計協会)』『日本農業市場学会編『農産物貿易とアグリビジネス』(1996・筑波書房)』『今村奈良臣他著『WTO体制下の食料農業戦略』(1997・農山漁村文化協会)』『中野一新編『アグリビジネス論』(1998・有斐閣)』『John H. Davis & Ray A. GoldbergA Concept of Agribusiness (1957, Harvard Univ., Boston, USA)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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