A type of mica. It usually has a scaly crystal, but often has plate-like or short columnar crystals. Its cross section is almost hexagonal. There are polytypes (minerals with layered structures in which the unit layers are stacked in different directions), with monoclinic being the most common, and hexagonal (trigonal) crystals also being known. It is widely distributed as a rock-forming mineral. It is commonly found in various igneous rocks such as granite, granitic pegmatite, diorite, gabbro, and andesite. It is also commonly found in gneiss, crystalline schist, and hornfels of mudstone origin. Currently, due to the redefinition of the mica group, there is no longer a species called biotite in mineralogy. Biotite is mainly an intermediate compound between phlogopite and iron mica, and is called phlogopite when Mg > Fe 2+ and iron mica when Fe 2+ > Mg. When the amount of iron in the mica is greater than that of aluminum, it is classified as a different type. The English name is named after the French physicist JB Biot, who conducted optical studies of mica. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
雲母の一種。普通鱗片(りんぺん)状結晶であるが、しばしば板状あるいは短柱状の結晶を示す鉱物。断面はほぼ六角形を示す。多型polytype(層状の構造をもつ鉱物のうち単位層の積み重ねの方向の周期が異なるもの)があり、単斜晶系のものがもっとも普通で、六方(三方)晶系のものも知られている。造岩鉱物として広く産出する。花崗(かこう)岩、花崗岩質ペグマタイト、閃緑(せんりょく)岩、斑糲(はんれい)岩、安山岩など各種火成岩中に普通に産する。また、片麻岩、結晶片岩、泥質岩起源のホルンフェルスなどにもよくみられる。現在は雲母グループの再定義により、鉱物学上は黒雲母という種名はない。黒雲母はおもに金雲母と鉄雲母の中間成分のもので、Mg>Fe2+の場合は金雲母、Fe2+>Mgの場合は鉄雲母とよばれる。またアルミニウムより3価の鉄が多い場合は別の種類として分類される。英名は、雲母の光学的研究を行ったフランスの物理学者ビオJ. B. Biotにちなみ命名された。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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