Biotite - Kurounmo (English spelling)

Japanese: 黒雲母 - くろうんも(英語表記)biotite
Biotite - Kurounmo (English spelling)

A type of mica. It usually has a scaly crystal, but often has plate-like or short columnar crystals. Its cross section is almost hexagonal. There are polytypes (minerals with layered structures in which the unit layers are stacked in different directions), with monoclinic being the most common, and hexagonal (trigonal) crystals also being known. It is widely distributed as a rock-forming mineral. It is commonly found in various igneous rocks such as granite, granitic pegmatite, diorite, gabbro, and andesite. It is also commonly found in gneiss, crystalline schist, and hornfels of mudstone origin. Currently, due to the redefinition of the mica group, there is no longer a species called biotite in mineralogy. Biotite is mainly an intermediate compound between phlogopite and iron mica, and is called phlogopite when Mg > Fe 2+ and iron mica when Fe 2+ > Mg. When the amount of iron in the mica is greater than that of aluminum, it is classified as a different type. The English name is named after the French physicist JB Biot, who conducted optical studies of mica.

[Satoshi Matsubara]

[References] | Andesite | Mica | Granite | Igneous rock | Phlogopite|Diorite | Rock-forming minerals | Monoclinic system | Iron mica | Gabbro | Bio | Pegmatite | Hornfels | Hexagonal system

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

雲母の一種。普通鱗片(りんぺん)状結晶であるが、しばしば板状あるいは短柱状の結晶を示す鉱物。断面はほぼ六角形を示す。多型polytype(層状の構造をもつ鉱物のうち単位層の積み重ねの方向の周期が異なるもの)があり、単斜晶系のものがもっとも普通で、六方(三方)晶系のものも知られている。造岩鉱物として広く産出する。花崗(かこう)岩、花崗岩質ペグマタイト、閃緑(せんりょく)岩、斑糲(はんれい)岩、安山岩など各種火成岩中に普通に産する。また、片麻岩、結晶片岩、泥質岩起源のホルンフェルスなどにもよくみられる。現在は雲母グループの再定義により、鉱物学上は黒雲母という種名はない。黒雲母はおもに金雲母と鉄雲母の中間成分のもので、Mg>Fe2+の場合は金雲母、Fe2+>Mgの場合は鉄雲母とよばれる。またアルミニウムより3価の鉄が多い場合は別の種類として分類される。英名は、雲母の光学的研究を行ったフランスの物理学者ビオJ. B. Biotにちなみ命名された。

[松原 聰]

[参照項目] | 安山岩 | 雲母 | 花崗岩 | 火成岩 | 金雲母 | 閃緑岩 | 造岩鉱物 | 単斜晶系 | 鉄雲母 | 斑糲岩 | ビオ | ペグマタイト | ホルンフェルス | 六方晶系

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Camponotus japonicus (black giant ant) ​​- Camponotus japonicus

>>:  Buckthorn - Blackthorn imitation

Recommend

Light [town] - Hikari

A former town in Sosa County in the northeast of C...

Commutative group - Kakangun (English spelling) commutative group

In a group, when its operations are commutative (f...

Deimos (English spelling)

A moon of Mars. Also called Deimos. It was discov...

Pumice - karuishi (English spelling)

A type of porous, light-colored (light gray to wh...

Autourgoi

…An ancient Greek word meaning “those who work fo...

Keratinization - Kakuka

〘Noun〙 = Kakushitsuka (keratinization) ※ Cosmetics...

Uchinada [town] - Uchinada

A town in Kahoku County in central Ishikawa Prefec...

Valadon, Suzanne

Born: September 23, 1865 in Bessines, near Limoges...

Mirror Hall - Kagami no ma

1. On the stage of Noh theater, a room inside the ...

Allium

A general term for the Allium genus in the Liliac...

Otrabotka (English spelling)

Low-paid labor by peasants on farms directly manag...

Platypus lewisi (English spelling) Platypuslewisi

…It is found throughout Japan, boring holes in br...

Harmonic integral

The behavior of the harmonic function f ( x , y ) ...

The Tenna Era - Tenna no Chi

This is the common name for the early period of th...

Impact test

…Hardness test [Yukio Hori]. . … *Some of the ter...