Disowned - Feeling

Japanese: 勘当 - かんどう

〘noun〙① To consider or assign punishment; to investigate and decide. ※Documents in the possession of the Hachisuka family - December 21st, 758, 2nd year of Tenpyo Houji, Explanation by Miike Toyoshige of Sawara County, " _{A letter from} the county governor, the register of slaves to be _{disowned and} the chronicle, _{all of which} _{have already been confirmed as fact} ." ② To investigate a crime and assign a punishment. ※Shoku Nihongi - October Otoi, 7th year of Tenpyo Houji (763), " _They were _then thrown _into the sea, disowned and _imprisoned ." ※Essay, Oritakushiba no Ki (around 1716), part 2, "I wonder how it was decided. I heard that Ise no Kami disowned them first." [New Book of Tang - Biography of Xu Jian] ③ To reprimand ; also, to be reprimanded; to suffer disgrace; to be scolded . ※The Bamboo Cutter (late 9th century - early 10th century): "When I heard that the thief had been arrested, I came here thinking that he would not be disowned." ※Genji (c. 1001-14): "I have often thought that he would be disowned, as he is a disowned man." ④ In the Edo period, it meant severing a parent-child relationship. The proper way to officially sever a parent-child relationship was to report it to the magistrate's office, but there was also the "internal disownment" which was not made public and only had a disciplinary meaning. It also meant severing a master-servant or teacher-student relationship. [Genwahon Gegakushu (1617)] ※Kōjaku and Mitsunaka (late Muromachi period - early early modern period): "Please do not resent the disownment of the young lord." ⑤ In general, it meant that a parent or teacher would sever a previous relationship with a child or disciple. ※Botchan (1906) by Natsume Soseki, vol. 1 “My father said he would disown me.” ⑥ To exclude from one’s circle. [Naniwa Kibunsho (c. 1819)] [Essay] (1) Literally meaning ①, “to think and guess,” examples of which can be found in documents from the ancient and medieval periods, but it has also been used since ancient times in the more limited sense of ②, and can be found in classical Chinese texts.
(2) In the Middle Ages, the uniquely Japanese meaning of ③ appeared, and from the early modern period onwards, it came to be used in the modern sense of ④ and ⑤, in which a parent or superior person cuts off ties with a child or subordinate person.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 勘(かんが)え当てること。調査し決定すること。※蜂須賀侯爵家所蔵文書‐天平宝字二年（758）一二月二一日・早良郡三家豊継解案「郡司依_レ状、勘_二当奴籍帳并紀_一事既合_レ実」② 罪を調べて刑を当てること。※続日本紀‐天平宝字七年（763）一〇月乙亥「以_レ擲_二人於海_一、勘当下_レ獄」※随筆・折たく柴の記（1716頃）下「いかにや議定せられたりけむ、まづ伊勢守御勘当の事ありと聞ゆ」〔新唐書‐徐堅伝〕③ 譴責(けんせき)すること。また、譴責を受けること。勘気を蒙(こうむ)ること。お叱りを受けること。※竹取（９Ｃ末‐１０Ｃ初）「玉の取りがたかりし事を知り給へればなん、かんだうあらじとて参りつる」※源氏（1001‐14頃）行幸「かむたうはこなたざまになむ、かうしと思ふこと多く侍る」④ 江戸時代、親子関係を断つこと。奉行所に届け出て公式に親子関係を断つのが本来のあり方だが、公にせず懲戒的な意味を持たせるだけの「内証勘当」も行なわれた。また、主従、師弟関係を断つことにもいった。〔元和本下学集（1617）〕※幸若・満仲（室町末‐近世初）「若君を御勘当候事を、恨とばし思し召れ候な」⑤ 一般に、親、師匠などが、子、弟子に対して、それまでの縁を切ること。※坊っちゃん（1906）〈夏目漱石〉一「おやぢがおれを勘当すると言ひ出した」⑥ 仲間からはずすこと。〔浪花聞書（1819頃）〕[語誌](1)文字通りには「かんがえて当てる」という①の意味で、上代・中古の文書にその例を確認できるが、さらに②のような限定的な意味でも上代から用いられており、中国の古典籍にも認められる。
(2)中古になると、③のような日本独自の意味が現われ、近世以降は、④⑤の親や上位者が子や下位者との縁を絶つという現代の用法に通じる意味で用いられるようになる。

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