One of China's ethnic minorities. They have the second largest population (10,586,087 in 2010) among China's ethnic minorities after the Zhuang people, and their habitation area is extremely widespread. This is inseparably linked to the history of their formation. Their ancestors, also called "Huihui", are said to have been Arabian or Persian Muslims who came to China. People who came to China for business and settled there had been around the Tang Dynasty, but with the Mongolian expedition to the west in the 13th century and the Yuan Dynasty's rule, the influx of people from the west increased. These immigrants dispersed to various places as soldiers, agriculturalists, artisans, merchants, scholars, officials, etc. They gradually absorbed Han Chinese, Uighurs, Mongolians, and others through marriage, and came to form the ethnic group currently known in China as the "Hui people." They live in small groups around Islamic (Moslem) temples called "Qingzhensu". They tend to live in close proximity to Han Chinese in cities, and are highly sinicized. While they maintain their own culture centered on religion, they have adopted a lot of Han culture in their daily lives. Their everyday clothing is indistinguishable from that of Han Chinese, except for the devout who wear distinctive Islamic hats. They also use Chinese words and characters, except for Arabic, in religious activities. Many strictly adhere to the custom of not eating pork, and the fact that restaurants catering to Hui people that do not serve dishes using pork or pork fat can be found all over the country indicates the wide range of their residence and movement. [Hiroko Yokoyama] "Outline of China's Ethnic Minorities" (1987, Sanseido), edited by Ma Yin and supervised by Kimishima Hisako Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国の少数民族の一つ。チワン族に次ぐ中国の少数民族中第2位の人口(2010年に1058万6087)を擁し、その居住地域はきわめて広範に及んでいる。これはその成立の歴史と不可分に結び付いている。「回回(フイフイ)」ともよばれる彼らの先祖は、中国に渡来したアラビアやペルシアのイスラム教徒たちであったといわれる。商売のために中国にきて住み着く者は唐代ごろからあったが、13世紀のモンゴルの西征と元の支配とを機に、西方からの人口流入が増大した。こうした渡来者は軍人や農牧民、職工、商人、学者、役人などとして各地に分散していった。彼らは婚姻を通じて漢民族やウイグル、モンゴルの人々などを漸次吸収していき、現在中国では「回族」とよばれる民族集団を形成するに至った。 彼らは「清真寺(チンジェンスウ)」とよばれるイスラム教(回教)寺院を中心に小集団をなして居住する。都市において漢民族と近接して居住することが多く、漢化の程度が高い。宗教を核とする独自の文化を維持する一方で、日常生活においては漢文化を多く受容している。信心深い者がイスラム特有の帽子をかぶる以外、平素の服装は漢民族と区別がない。また宗教活動でアラビア語を用いる以外は漢語と漢字を用いる。豚肉を食べない習慣を厳重に守る者が多く、豚肉や豚の脂肪を使った料理のない回族を対象とする食堂が全国各地にみられるのは彼らの居住や移動の範囲の広さを物語る。 [横山廣子] 『馬寅編、君島久子監訳『概説中国の少数民族』(1987・三省堂)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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