This is a reaction in which an ester is reacted with an alcohol, acid, or another ester to exchange the acid group (the acyl group in the case of a carboxylic acid) or the alkyl group that constitutes the ester. It is also called ester exchange or ester substitution. If the structure of the ester is RCOOR', there are generally three types of ester exchange reactions: (1) Alcoholysis: A reaction in which an alcohol is used to exchange the alkyl group R'. Sodium alkoxide or the like is used as a catalyst. (2) Acidolysis is a reaction in which the acyl group RCO is exchanged by the action of an acid. Usually, sulfuric acid or the like is used as a catalyst, but it can also occur by heating an acid and an ester without a catalyst. (3) Ester interchange: Exchange between two types of esters (R A COOR' A and R B COOR' B ) using a catalyst such as sodium methoxide or tin hydroxide. R A COOR' A + R B COOR' B [Masahiro Hirota] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エステルにアルコール、酸または他のエステルを反応させて、エステルを構成する酸基(カルボン酸の場合はアシル基)、またはアルキル基を交換する反応をいう。エステル基交換、エステル置換とよばれることもある。エステルの構造をRCOOR'とすると、一般に、次の3通りのタイプのエステル交換反応がある。 (1)アルコーリシス アルコールを作用させてアルキル基R'を交換する反応で、触媒としてナトリウムアルコキシドなどを用いる。 (2)アシドリシス 酸を作用させてアシル基RCOを交換する反応で、通常、硫酸などを触媒として用いるが、触媒なしで酸とエステルを加熱してもおこる。 (3)エステル相互交換 2種類のエステル(RACOOR'AとRBCOOR'B)の間での交換で、ナトリウムメトキシド、水酸化スズなどの触媒を用いる。 RACOOR'A+RBCOOR'B [廣田 穰] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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